NEUROMUSCULAR AND JOINT DYSFUNCTION OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Aim. To analyse the modern concepts of neuromuscular and joint dysfunction. The article presents the current notion of parafunctional violations of masticatory muscles associated with the loss of teeth, anomalies and deformations in the dento-facial system. We touched the issues of functional overload of periodontium on the background of muscle hypertrophy and related infringement of proprioceptive impulses, which are based on the change of coordination, rhythmic of chewing movements and kinetics of the temporomandibular joint

OCCLUSAL INTERFERENCES AND NEUROMUSCULAR DYSFUNCTION

Aim. The article reflects modern representations of the influence of the traumatic occlusal factor in the pathogenesis of the dynamics of dysfunction of the masticatory musculature, TMJ and inflammatory processes in the periodontium. The main attention is paid to the influence of occlusal factors in the dynamics of the pathological process on the function of the masticatory muscles and the TMJ, and the role of traumatic occlusion on the state of the morphological formations of the periodontium. The enzymatic systems of neutrophil granulocytes and oxidoreductase are important in the disturbance of oxidation-reduction processes, which, in turn, contributes to the growth of intracellular hypoxia with the intensification of destructive processes in the alveolar part of the jaws. To develop a harmonious occlusion, further complex studies of the dentofacial system are needed. Conclusion. The dentofacial system functions on the basis of the complex interaction of the masticatory apparatus which is coordinated by the system of a trigeminal nerve with all its structural components. The complexity of diagnosis and therapy of neuromuscular and articulatory-occlusive syndromes is associated with various concepts about the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders against the background of a similar clinical picture of their various forms and inadequate methods of treatment

Effect of mexidol on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of saliva in patients with periodontitis at the background of hypothyroidism

A comparative analysis was carried out concerning the state of the system «lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection» (POL-AOP) in mixed saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis of mild (n = 22), moderate (n = 20) and severe (n = 18) form at the background of hypothyroidism. As a result of the research it was found that at the background of hypothyroidism there develops an imbalance in the work of all parts of the local system of nonspecific defense of the body, especially at severe periodontitis. And reduction of key enzymes of the antiradical protection (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in mixed saliva is the leading biochemical change that is accompanied by increased inflammation in the periodontium. It is shown that the adaptation increase and AOP therapeutic effect in the shortest term after the use of mexidol is manifested by reducing lipid peroxidation processes, especially in patients with mild periodontitis. Effectiveness of the treatment of moderate and severe periodontitis using mexidol was significantly lower, in comparative aspect

Hypothyroidism and morpho-functional activity of neutrophils in the rats in the dynamics of experimental periodontitis

At the background of experimental periodontitis in hypothyroid rats by means of morphological and functional methods of investigation we traced the dynamics of structural and functional changes of oxygen-dependant systems of neutrophils (MPO and CCO) and dehydrogenases associated with the Krebs cycle (SDH), glycolysis (a-GPDH) in a comparative perspective. The rats were divided into two groups. In the first group of animals no medicamentous measures were carried out. The second group was administered mexidole on the 3-4thdays after surgery for 10 days. Periodontitis was modeled to all animals. The material of intact animals served as a control. Evaluation of the functional state of the enzyme systems showed different, but minor trend of their activity changes in the rats of the first and the second groups of the experiment. The presence of hypothyroidism, regardless of the presence or absence of treatment, does not have much effect on the functional activity of the enzyme systems of PMNL, but leads to a decrease in functional reserves of oxygen-dependant complexes

State of enzyme systems of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by the gingival margin level correction

The paper deals with the results of cytochemical studies of biologically active enzyme systems of neutrophilic granulocytes and their comparative analysis to assess the effectiveness of gingiva preparation and scalpel use for the correction of the gingival margin. A detailed study of biologically active substances in dynamics in the peripheral blood neutrophils with differentiated definition of cell populations showed no clear difference of cell diversity and excess of content and activity of enzymes of oxidoreductases and hydrolases groups in comparing the effectiveness of gingiva preparation or scalpel use. Asynchronous oscillations of hydrolase activity at gingiva preparation cause a decrease of metabolic processes in the field of surgery

MORPHOLOGY OF THE NEUROVASCULAR COMPONENTS IN PROSTHETIC BED TISSUE FORMATIONS

By means of neurohistological and histochemical methods of investigation we traced the morphological changes in the neurovascular components and phosphatases of the hard and soft palate mucosa of denture-carriers and individuals who did not use removable dentures constructions in a comparative aspect. Certain individual differences in neural structures were revealed, as well as peculiarities of the degree of nerve structures destructive changes, the esterases content, their topography, the number and the ratio of neurovascular complexes. Morphological changes in the vascular system, apparently, are caused by a constant compression of the prosthetic bed tissue formations with dentures

EFFECTS OF FIXED DENTURES ON THE STATE OF PULP AND PERODONTIUM OF THE SUPPORTING TEETH (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The article contains, beginning with classical works and our own research, the information about various causes that lead to the occurrence of complications at various stages of prosthetics of the patients with fixed dentures. It gives the description of the complex of medical and orthopedic required protective measures aimed at leveling the side effects of medical manipulations during the production and use of metal-ceramic dentures. The advisability of the pulp vitality maintenance and the principles of its protection with minimal grinding of hard tooth tissue are underlined