" Validación del método analítico para la determinación de adiponectina y leptina en suero de pacientes con cáncer de mama. "

La validación de los métodos se determina a partir de la linealidad, la cual establece que es la capacidad del método analítico para producir resultados que son proporcionales a la concentración del analito, en la que el valor mínimo permisible es de r= 0.998. La repetitividad otro parámetro a evaluar es una medida estadística de la consistencia entre medidas repetidas de un mismo carácter en un mismo individuo, cuyo valor satisfactorio es por debajo del 5% permitid

Reverse genetics through random mutagenesis in Histoplasma capsulatum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The dimorphic fungal pathogen <it>Histoplasma capsulatum </it>causes respiratory and systemic disease in humans and other mammals. Progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying the biology and the pathogenesis of <it>Histoplasma </it>has been hindered by a shortage of methodologies for mutating a gene of interest.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We describe a reverse genetics process that combines the random mutagenesis of <it>Agrobacterium</it>-mediated transformation with screening techniques to identify targeted gene disruptions in a collection of insertion mutants. Isolation of the desired mutant is accomplished by arraying individual clones from a pool and employing a PCR-addressing method. Application of this procedure facilitated the isolation of a <it>cbp1 </it>mutant in a North American type 2 strain, a <it>Histoplasma </it>strain recalcitrant to gene knock-outs through homologous recombination. Optimization of cryopreservation conditions allows pools of mutants to be banked for later analysis and recovery of targeted mutants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This methodology improves our ability to isolate mutants in targeted genes, thereby facilitating the molecular genetic analysis of <it>Histoplasma </it>biology. The procedures described are widely applicable to many fungal systems and will be of particular interest to those for which homologous recombination techniques are inefficient or do not currently exist.</p

Minimierung der systematischen Anfangsverluste im SIS18

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, die systematischen Anfangsverluste im SIS18 zu minimieren. Das SIS18 soll als Injektor für das SIS100 in der neuen geplanten FAIR-Anlage eingesetzt werden und dafür die Strahlintensität erhöht werden. Eine wesentliche Rolle spielen das dynamische Vakuum im SIS18 und die anfänglichen Strahlverluste, verursacht durch Multiturn-Injektions- (MTI) oder HF-Einfangsverluste. Um den dynamischen Restgasdruck im SIS18 zu stabilisieren, müssen diese systematischen Anfangsverluste minimiert werden. Strahlteilchen, welche auf der Vakuumkammerwand verloren gehen, führen durch ionenstimulierte Desorption zu einem lokalen Druckanstieg. Dies wiederum erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Stöße zwischen Restgasteilchen und Strahlionen, wodurch diese umgeladen werden können und nach einem dispersiven Element (Dipol) auf der Vakuumkammer verloren gehen. Dies produziert einen weiteren lokalen Druckanstieg und verursacht eine massive Erhöhung der Umladungsraten. Eine Möglichkeit, die anfänglichen Verluste zu minimieren bzw. zu kontrollieren, ist die MTI-Verluste auf den Transferkanal (TK) zu verlagern, da dort ein Druckanstieg den umlaufenden Strahl im SIS18 nicht stört. Im Transferkanal werden die Strahlränder mit Hilfe von Schlitzen beschnitten und somit eine scharf definierte Phasenraumfläche erzeugt. ..

A Unified Operating System for Clouds and Manycore: fos

Single chip processors with thousands of cores will be available in the next ten years and clouds of multicore processors afford the operating system designer thousands of cores today. Constructing operating systems for manycore and cloud systems face similar challenges. This work identifies these shared challenges and introduces our solution: a factored operating system (fos) designed to meet the scalability, faultiness, variability of demand, and programming challenges of OSâ s for single-chip thousand-core manycore systems as well as current day cloud computers. Current monolithic operating systems are not well suited for manycores and clouds as they have taken an evolutionary approach to scaling such as adding fine grain locks and redesigning subsystems, however these approaches do not increase scalability quickly enough. fos addresses the OS scalability challenge by using a message passing design and is composed out of a collection of Internet inspired servers. Each operating system service is factored into a set of communicating servers which in aggregate implement a system service. These servers are designed much in the way that distributed Internet services are designed, but provide traditional kernel services instead of Internet services. Also, fos embraces the elasticity of cloud and manycore platforms by adapting resource utilization to match demand. fos facilitates writing applications across the cloud by providing a single system image across both future 1000+ core manycores and current day Infrastructure as a Service cloud computers. In contrast, current cloud environments do not provide a single system image and introduce complexity for the user by requiring different programming models for intra- vs inter-machine communication, and by requiring the use of non-OS standard management tools

Fleets: Scalable Services in a Factored Operating System

Current monolithic operating systems are designed for uniprocessor systems, and their architecture reflects this. The rise of multicore and cloud computing is drastically changing the tradeoffs in operating system design. The culture of scarce computational resources is being replaced with one of abundant cores, where spatial layout of processes supplants time multiplexing as the primary scheduling concern. Efforts to parallelize monolithic kernels have been difficult and only marginally successful, and new approaches are needed. This paper presents fleets, a novel way of constructing scalable OS services. With fleets, traditional OS services are factored out of the kernel and moved into user space, where they are further parallelized into a distributed set of concurrent, message-passing servers. We evaluate fleets within fos, a new factored operating system designed from the ground up with scalability as the first-order design constraint. This paper details the main design principles of fleets, and how the system architecture of fos enables their construction. We describe the design and implementation of three critical fleets (network stack, page allocation, and file system) and compare with Linux. These comparisons show that fos achieves superior performance and has better scalability than Linux for large multicores; at 32 cores, fos's page allocator performs 4.5 times better than Linux, and fos's network stack performs 2.5 times better. Additionally, we demonstrate how fleets can adapt to changing resource demand, and the importance of spatial scheduling for good performance in multicores

Predicting global usages of resources endowed with local policies

The effective usages of computational resources are a primary concern of up-to-date distributed applications. In this paper, we present a methodology to reason about resource usages (acquisition, release, revision, ...), and therefore the proposed approach enables to predict bad usages of resources. Keeping in mind the interplay between local and global information occurring in the application-resource interactions, we model resources as entities with local policies and global properties governing the overall interactions. Formally, our model takes the shape of an extension of pi-calculus with primitives to manage resources. We develop a Control Flow Analysis computing a static approximation of process behaviour and therefore of the resource usages.Comment: In Proceedings FOCLASA 2011, arXiv:1107.584

Evaluation of the effect of Cooled HaEmodialysis on Cognitive function in patients suffering with end-stage KidnEy Disease (E-CHECKED): feasibility randomised control trial protocol

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common in haemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated independently with depression and mortality. This association is poorly understood, and no intervention is proven to slow cognitive decline. There is evidence that cooler dialysis fluid (dialysate) may slow white matter changes in the brain, but no study has investigated the effect of cooler dialysate on cognition. This study addresses whether cooler dialysate can prevent the decline in cognition and improve quality of life (QOL) in HD patients. METHODS: This is a multi-site prospective randomised, double-blinded feasibility trial. SETTING: Four HD units in the UK. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Ninety HD patients randomised (1:1) to standard care (dialysate temperature 36.5 °C) or intervention (dialysate temperature 35 °C) for 12 months. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Recruitment and attrition rates, reasons for non-recruitment, frequency of intradialytic hypotension, depressive symptom scores, patient and carers burden, a detailed computerised cognitive test and QOL assessments. ANALYSIS: mixed method approach, utilising measurement of cognition, questionnaires, physiological measurements and semi-structured interviews. DISCUSSION: The results of this feasibility trial will inform the design of a future adequately powered substantive trial investigating the effect of dialysate cooling on prevention and/or slowing in cognitive decline in patients undergoing haemodialysis using a computerised battery of neuro-cognitive tests. The main hypothesis that would be tested in this future trial is that patients treated with regular conventional haemodialysis will have a lesser decline in cognitive function and a better quality of life over 1 year by using cooler dialysis fluid at 35 °C, versus a standard dialysis fluid temperature of 36.5 °C. This also should reflect in improvements in their abilities for activities of daily living and therefore reduce carers' burden. If successful, the treatment could be universally applied at no extra cost. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03645733 . Registered retrospectively on 24 August 2018

Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial activity of new Co(II) complex with bis-morpholino/benzoimidazole -s-triazine Ligand

Funding: The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP2023R64), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.A new Co(II) perchlorate complex of the bis-morpholino/benzoimidazole-s-triazine ligand, 4,4′-(6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)dimorpholine ( BMBIT ), was synthesized and characterized. The structure of the new Co(II) complex was approved to be [Co(BMBIT)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Co(II) complex was found crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system and P21/c space group. The unit cell parameters are a = 22.21971(11) Å, b = 8.86743(4) Å, c = 24.38673(12) Å and β = 113.4401(6)°. This heteroleptic complex has distorted octahedral coordination geometry with two monodenatate BMBIT ligand units via the benzoimidazole N-atom and four water molecules as monodentate ligands. The hydration water and perchlorate ions participated significantly in the supramolecular structure of the [Co( BMBIT )2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O complex. Analysis of dnorm map and a fingerprint plot indicated the importance of O···H, N···H, C···H, C···O, C···N and H···H contacts. Their percentages are 27.5, 7.9, 14.0, 0.9, 2.8 and 43.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of some harmful microbes towards the studied compounds was investigated. The Co(II) complex has good antifungal activity compared to the free BMBIT which has no antifungal activity. The Co(II) complex has good activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. vulgaris and E. coli while the free BMBIT ligand has limited activity only towards B. subtilis and P. vulgaris. Hence, the [Co( BMBIT )2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O complex has broad spectrum antimicrobial action compared to the free BMBIT ligand.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The investigation of diabetes in people living with HIV: a systematic review

Aims: HbA1c is reported to underestimate glycaemia in people living with HIV (PLHIV). There is not an internationally agreed screening method for diabetes. The primary aim was to identify which tests are performed to diagnose and monitor diabetes in PLHIV. Secondary aims were to identify whether prevalence or incidence of diabetes differs according to marker of glycaemia and how figures compare in PLHIV compared to people without. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies investigating diabetes in PLHIV, not pregnant, aged ≥18 years. Narrative analysis and descriptive statistics were used to describe which markers of glycaemia, and their frequency, were employed in the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes in PLHIV. Diagnostic studies provided prevalence or incidence of diabetes. Results: In all, 45 of 1028 studies were included. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting glucose (FG), HbA1c and Fructosamine were used to investigate diabetes. In total, 27 studies described diagnosing diabetes, 14 using OGTT, 12 FG and 7 HbA1c. All 18 studies monitoring diabetes used HbA1c. Prevalence ranged from 1.3% to 26% and incidence 2.9% to 12.8%. Studies using glucose and HbA1c reported HbA1c to diagnose fewer people with diabetes, monitoring studies found HbA1c to underestimate glycaemia levels. Controlled studies demonstrate diabetes was more common in PLHIV. Conclusion: OGTT was used most frequently to diagnose diabetes, and HbA1c to monitor known diabetes. Prevalence and incidence varied depending on marker of glycaemia used. Studies reported a discrepancy in accuracy of HbA1c in PLHIV, to address this, well-designed, prospective studies, providing individual-level data on HbA1c levels and an additional marker of glycaemia in PLHIV are needed