4,061 research outputs found
Implementation of three-qubit Toffoli gate in a single step
Single-step implementations of multi-qubit gates are generally believed to
provide a simpler design, a faster operation, and a lower decoherence. For
coupled three qubits interacting with a photon field, a realizable scheme for a
single-step Toffoli gate is investigated. We find that the three qubit system
can be described by four effective modified Jaynes-Cummings models in the
states of two control qubits. Within the rotating wave approximation, the
modified Jaynes-Cummings models are shown to be reduced to the conventional
Jaynes-Cummings models with renormalized couplings between qubits and photon
fields. A single-step Toffoli gate is shown to be realizable with tuning the
four characteristic oscillation periods that satisfy a commensurate condition.
Possible values of system parameters are estimated for single-step Toffli gate.
From numerical calculation, further, our single-step Toffoli gate operation
errors are discussed due to imperfections in system parameters, which shows
that a Toffoli gate with high fidelity can be obtained by adjusting pairs of
the photon-qubit and the qubit-qubit coupling strengthes. In addition, a
decoherence effect on the Toffoli gate operation is discussed due to a thermal
reservoir.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PR
The Globular Cluster System of the Coma cD Galaxy NGC 4874 from Hubble Space Telescope ACS and WFC3/IR Imaging
We present new HST optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry of the rich
globular cluster (GC) system of NGC 4874, the cD galaxy in the core of the Coma
cluster (Abell 1656). NGC 4874 was observed with the HST Advanced Camera for
Surveys in the F475W (g) and F814W (I) passbands and the Wide Field Camera 3 IR
Channel in F160W (H). The GCs in this field exhibit a bimodal optical color
distribution with more than half of the GCs falling on the red side at g-I > 1.
Bimodality is also present, though less conspicuously, in the optical-NIR I-H
color. Consistent with past work, we find evidence for nonlinearity in the g-I
versus I-H color-color relation. Our results thus underscore the need for
understanding the detailed form of the color-metallicity relations in
interpreting observational data on GC bimodality. We also find a very strong
color-magnitude trend, or "blue tilt," for the blue component of the optical
color distribution of the NGC 4874 GC system. A similarly strong trend is
present for the overall mean I-H color as a function of magnitude; for M_814 <
-10 mag, these trends imply a steep mass-metallicity scaling with , but the scaling is not a simple power law and becomes
much weaker at lower masses. As in other similar systems, the spatial
distribution of the blue GCs is more extended than that of the red GCs, partly
because of blue GCs associated with surrounding cluster galaxies. In addition,
the center of the GC system is displaced by 4+/-1 kpc towards the southwest
from the luminosity center of NGC 4874, in the direction of NGC 4872. Finally,
we remark on a dwarf elliptical galaxy with a noticeably asymmetrical GC
distribution. Interestingly, this dwarf has a velocity of nearly -3000 km/s
with respect to NGC 4874; we suggest it is on its first infall into the cluster
core and is undergoing stripping of its GC system by the cluster potential.Comment: 24 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Selective Dual-purpose Photocatalysis for Simultaneous H2 Evolution and Mineralization of Organic Compound Enabled by Cr2O3 Barrier Layer Coated on Rh/SrTiO3
Dual-functional photocatalysis for H-2 evolution with the simultaneous mineralization of 4-chlorophenol was achieved under de-aerated conditions using a Cr2O3/Rh/SrTiO3 photocatalyst which has Rh nanoparticles covered with a thin Cr2O3 barrier layer to selectively control and maximize the dual-functional photocatalytic activity.111511Ysciescopu
Ground state fidelity in bond-alternative Ising chains with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions
A systematic analysis is performed for quantum phase transitions in a
bond-alternative one-dimensional Ising model with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM)
interaction by using the fidelity of ground state wave functions based on the
infinite matrix product states algorithm. For an antiferromagnetic phase, the
fidelity per lattice site exhibits a bifurcation, which shows spontaneous
symmetry breaking in the system. A critical DM interaction is inversely
proportional to an alternating exchange coupling strength for a quantum phase
transition. Further, a finite-entanglement scaling of von Neumann entropy with
respect to truncation dimensions gives a central charge c = 0.5 at the critical
point.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
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Global estimate of submarine groundwater discharge based on an observationally constrained radium isotope model
© The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 41 (2014): 8438–8444, doi:10.1002/2014GL061574.Along the continental margins, rivers and submarine groundwater supply nutrients, trace elements, and radionuclides to the coastal ocean, supporting coastal ecosystems and, increasingly, causing harmful algal blooms and eutrophication. While the global magnitude of gauged riverine water discharge is well known, the magnitude of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is poorly constrained. Using an inverse model combined with a global compilation of 228Ra observations, we show that the SGD integrated over the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans between 60°S and 70°N is (12 ± 3) × 1013 m3 yr−1, which is 3 to 4 times greater than the freshwater fluxes into the oceans by rivers. Unlike the rivers, where more than half of the total flux is discharged into the Atlantic, about 70% of SGD flows into the Indo-Pacific Oceans. We suggest that SGD is the dominant pathway for dissolved terrestrial materials to the global ocean, and this necessitates revisions for the budgets of chemical elements including carbon.This work was supported by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea, through the Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology (KIMST) (20120176) and National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (2013R1A2A1A05004343 and 2013R1A1A1058203). Charette and Moore's contributions were supported by the US National Science Foundation through the GEOTRACES project
Local structure and site occupancy of Cd and Hg substitutions in CeTIn5 (T=Co, Rh, Ir)
The CeTIn5 superconductors (T=Co, Rh, or Ir) have generated great interest
due to their relatively Tc's, NFL behavior, and their proximity to AF order and
quantum critical points. In contrast to small changes with the T-species,
electron doping in CeT(In{1-x}Mx)5 with M=Sn and hole doping with Cd or Hg have
a dramatic effect on the electronic properties at very low concentrations. The
present work reports EXAFS measurements that address the substituent atom
distribution as a function of T, M, and x, near the superconducting phase.
Together with previous measurements for M=Sn, the proportion of the M atom
residing on the In(1) site, f{In(1)}, increases in the order M=Cd, Sn, and Hg,
ranging from about 40% to 70%, showing a strong preference for these
substituents to occupy the In(1) site (random=20%). In addition, f{In(1)}
ranges from 70% to 100% for M=Hg in the order T=Co, Rh, and Ir. These fractions
track the changes in the atomic radii of the various species, and help explain
the sharp dependence of Tc on substituting into the In site. However, it is
difficult to reconcile the small concentrations of M with the dramatic changes
in the ground state in the hole-doped materials with only an impurity
scattering model. These results therefore indicate that while such
substitutions have interesting local atomic structures with important
electronic and magnetic consequences, other local changes in the electronic and
magnetic structure are equally important in determining the bulk properties of
these materials.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, to appear in PR
First molecular phylogenetic insights into the evolution of Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae, Poales)
Eriocaulon is a genus of c. 470 aquatic and wetland species of the monocot plant family Eriocaulaceae. It is widely distributed in Africa, Asia and America, with centres of species richness in the tropics. Most species of Eriocaulon grow in wetlands although some inhabit shallow rivers and streams with an apparent adaptive morphology of elongated submerged stems. In a previous molecular phylogenetic hypothesis, Eriocaulon was recovered as sister of the African endemic genus Mesanthemum. Several regional infrageneric classifications have been proposed for Eriocaulon. This study aims to critically assess the existing infrageneric classifications through phylogenetic reconstruction of infrageneric relationships, based on DNA sequence data of four chloroplast markers and one nuclear marker. There is little congruence between our molecular results and previous morphology-based infrageneric classifications. However, some similarities can be found, including Fyson’s sect. Leucantherae and Zhang’s sect. Apoda. Further phylogenetic studies, particularly focusing on less well sampled regions such as the Neotropics, will help provide a more global overview of the relationships in Eriocaulon and may enable suggesting the first global infrageneric classification
Combined resistance and aerobic exercise training reduces insulin resistance and central adiposity in adolescent girls who are obese: randomized clinical trial
Introduction
Exercise training is recommended for improving health and protecting against the development of metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies. Combined resistance and aerobic exercise training (CRAE) has been shown to provide unique benefits in older adults with cardiovascular diseases. Purpose
We sought to determine the beneficial effects of CRAE in adolescent girls who are obese and hyperinsulinemic. Methods
Forty adolescent girls who are obese (age 14.7 ± 1 years; BMI 30 ± 2) were randomly assigned to a “no exercise” (CON n = 20) or combined exercise group (EX n = 20). The EX group performed resistance and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, 5 times per week. Exercise intensity was increased gradually, from 40 to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR), every 4 weeks. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), blood leptin, adiponectin levels, and body composition were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Results
We observed that CRAE effectively reduced the body fat percentage, body weight, and waist circumference in the EX group (p \u3c 0.05). After 12 weeks of training, subjects in the CRAE group maintained appropriate leptin and adiponectin levels and showed positive improvements of blood insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance parameters relative to baseline and to the CON group (p \u3c 0.05). Conclusion
CRAE is a useful therapeutic method to alleviate metabolic risk factors in adolescent girls who are obese and hyperinsulinemic
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