Interplay between Histone Deacetylases in the Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) Expression in Lung Cancer

Matrix Metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) has been shown to be overexpressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), wherein it is proteolytically active, se-creted predominantly by tumour cells, and implicated in retarding angiogenesis through repression of tumour vasculature development. Previous studies have indi-cated a role for the histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, specifically HDAC7, in the regulation of MMP-10, with elevated levels of HDAC7 repressing MMP-10 expres-sion and promoting successful blood vessel formation. The aim of this project was to evaluate the relationship between MMP-10 and HDACs and whether perturba-tion of the HDAC7/MMP-10 pathway maybe a viable opportunity for therapeutic exploitation in NSCLC. Using an in vitro model of NSCLC a central role for histone deacetylases (HDACs) in regulation of MMP-10 expression was confirmed. Although inhibition of HDAC activity increased MMP-10 expression and activity, selective in-hibition of the class-II HDAC7 had no effect. However, siRNA-mediated repression of HDAC7 expression caused a significant elevation in MMP-10 expression and ac-tivity, supporting a central role for the presence but not enzymatic activity of HDAC7 in the control of MMP-10 levels within NSCLC. Despite the lack of a role for HDAC7 enzyme activity in control of MMP-10, the initial observation that pan-inhibition of HDAC activity repressed MMP-10 expression implicated a wider in-volvement for HDACs in regulation of MMP-10. Consequently, this study using both siRNA and pharmacological inhibitors confirmed an additional role for the presence and enzymatic activity of the class-I subfamily member HDAC3 in the regulation of MMP-10 in NSCLC. These data indicated an interplay between the class-I HDAC3 and class-II HDAC7 in the regulation of MMP-10 expression and activity, a relation-ship supported by the previously suggested role for HDAC7 in the nuclear shuttling and subsequent enzymatic functionality of HDAC3. This study thereby identifies and offers a novel molecular mechanism for HDAC-mediated control of MMP-10 in NSCLC. Further work is required to exploit this relationship toward improved treat-ment of NSCLC in the clinic

Frozen Embryos: New Technology Meets Family Law

This article addresses the various reasons and legal arguments for treating embryos as life, or in the alternative as property. In particular, this article analyzes the legal status of frozen embryos in a marital dissolution proceeding from a custodial point of view and a marital property point of view. Part I sets forth a broad policy perspective on the doctrinal choices that must be made in determining the legal status of the embryo. Part II first explores the possibility of classifying frozen embryos as human life and then presents a legal analysis, derived from the general principles of family law, for treating frozen embryos as minor children in a marital dissolution proceeding. Part III explores the possibility of classifying frozen embryos as property and then more specifically as marital property in a marital dissolution proceeding. Part IV concludes that state legislation is needed stating that embryos should be treated as property and not as human life

Departing from the Beaten Path: International Schools in China as Response to Discrimination and Academic Failure in the Chinese Educational System

International schools are commonly depicted in the academic literature and popular press as offering elite educational credentials to an elite, oftentimes international, student body. In this paper, I draw on a case study of a Canadian international school to argue that a new form of international school is emerging in China – one that offers a haven for domestic students from certain competitive and discriminatory features of the Chinese educational system. Fieldwork was conducted at a Canadian curriculum high school for Chinese citizens in Beijing. Most students at the school were internal migrants or children of China’s ‘new rich’ entrepreneurial class; that is, their families had economic resources but occupied precarious social positions in contemporary Chinese society. Analyses reveal that the international school offers a pathway to obtain baseline academic credentials in the absence of other opportunities for progress in the Chinese educational system. Together with evidence of dramatic growth in international schools and tracks in China, this case study suggests the emergence of a new type of international education program that departs from a picture of international education as ‘elite’ in terms of student body, academic environment, and expected educational trajectories of graduates. The paper also develops our understanding of class and educational strategies in contemporary China

Getting the Teacher’s Attention: Parent-Teacher Contact and Teachers’ Behavior in the Classroom

Studies suggest that support from teachers in the classroom can matter for student success. Although cross-national research has revealed numerous ways in which parents shape the schooling process, little is known about how parental involvement at school may or may not influence the amount of support students receive from teachers in the classroom. In this study, I draw on data from the China Education Panel Survey – a nationally representative survey of Chinese middle school students with unusually detailed information on parental involvement and teachers’ behavior in the classroom – to test a conceptual model that proposes a link between parent-teacher contact in China and the attention students receive from teachers. In support of the conceptual model, I find that students whose parents cultivate relationships with teachers through frequent contact are more likely to be called on or praised by teachers, even after controlling for family background, student academic performance, and student behavior. Moreover, I find evidence of social class differences in parent-teacher contact in China, as well as evidence that parent-teacher contact shapes later academic performance through its impact on teachers’ attention. Overall, findings from the study point to a new way in which social class influences schooling through the mechanism of parental involvement. I conclude with a discussion of recent changes in public education in the United States that may lead this pathway to be increasingly important in the U.S. as well

The Effect of Dog Training on Dog Adoption

https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/student_scholarship_posters/1158/thumbnail.jp

CONVENTIONAL vs COMPLEX TRAINING: A SET BY SET AND SESSIONAL COMPARISON OF KINETIC AND KINEMATIC VARIABLES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of complex sets on kinetic and kinematic variables in a countermovement jump (CMJ) compared to a conventional training session. Twenty-three recreationally trained males completed two familiarisation and two experimental conditions. No significant differences (

Childhood Inequality in China

In recent decades, China has transformed from a relatively egalitarian society to a highly unequal one. What are the implications of high levels of inequality for the lives of children? Drawing on two newly available, nationally representative datasets, the China Family Panel Studies and the China Education Panel Survey, we develop a comprehensive portrait of childhood inequality in post-reform China. Analyses reveal stark disparities between children from different socioeconomic backgrounds in family environments and in welfare outcomes, including physical health, psychosocial health, and educational performance. We argue that childhood inequality in China is driven not only by the deprivations of poverty, but also by the advantages of affluence, as high socioeconomic status children diverge from their middle and low socioeconomic status counterparts on various family environment and child welfare measures