Raman Scattering Study of Supercritical Bi-Component Mixtures Injected into a Subcritical Environment

This research studies the species distribution profiles of methane/ethylene bi-components at downstream locations filled with subcritical nitrogen in a closed chamber. Unique thermodynamic and transport properties of supercritical fluids along with phase transition phenomena during fuel injection process can significantly change combustion characteristics inside a scramjet combustor. Plume properties of supercritical jets are of great interests to the studies of fuel/air mixing and subsequent combustion. The primary goal of this research is to help to clarify whether there is any preferential condensation within the condensed jets. The Raman Scattering technique is used to quantify spatial distribution of injected methane and ethylene. Each species distribution profile is developed in terms of mole fraction. Results demonstrated there is ethylene preferential condensation within the supercritical bi-component mixture of the jet. It also showed the condensation phenomenon is less desirable for combustion

Civic Hackers’ User Experiences and Expectations of Seattle’s Open Municipal Data Program

This study examines the challenges and the expectations that civic hackers bring to the use of open government data, building on Gurstein’s theory of barriers to effective use. Civic hackers are hobbyists who use open government data for social good applications. Drawing on individual interviews and a focus group with fifteen total civic hackers in Seattle, Washington, we synthesize findings on their experiences using open government data, including their expectations for the kinds of data formats, metadata, API functionality, and datasets that should be provided on the city’s open data portal. Respondents report challenges using the data, including low data availability, outdated datasets, limited API functions, proprietary formats, lack of metadata, and untidy datasets. These acted as barriers to their effective use of open data. Respondents expect higher quality data and more usable data portal functionality, in part because of their professional experience in the technology sector. In our discussion, we examine the organizational structure of the open data program, and the constraints it poses for the achievement of respondent expectations. Our analysis points to a demand for an additional, third party civic institution (like a local newspaper) to host cleaned data for wider use.

More on complexity of operators in quantum field theory

Recently it has been shown that the complexity of SU($n$) operator is determined by the geodesic length in a bi-invariant Finsler geometry, which is constrained by some symmetries of quantum field theory. It is based on three axioms and one assumption regarding the complexity in continuous systems. By relaxing one axiom and an assumption, we find that the complexity formula is naturally generalized to the Schatten $p$-norm type. We also clarify the relation between our complexity and other works. First, we show that our results in a bi-invariant geometry are consistent with the ones in a right-invariant geometry such as $k$-local geometry. Here, a careful analysis of the sectional curvature is crucial. Second, we show that our complexity can concretely realize the conjectured pattern of the time-evolution of the complexity: the linear growth up to saturation time. The saturation time can be estimated by the relation between the topology and curvature of SU($n$) groups.Comment: Modified the Sec. 4.1, where we offered a powerful proof: if (1) the ket vector and bra vector in quantum mechanics contain same physics, or (2) adding divergent terms to a Lagrangian will not change underlying physics, then complexity in quantum mechanics must be bi-invariant

Healthcare Message Design toward Social Communication: Convergence Based on Philosophical and Theoretical Perspectives

The importance of communication in healthcare has gained considerable attention especially with the rise of the model of patient-centered care. There are many types of messages between healthcare providers and consumers, which is an intangible form of healthcare message design (HMD) as a medium of communication. In the role, HMD is understood as an expansion of universal communicability and plays an important role in social communication. This chapter introduces the concept of HMD based on philosophical underpinnings and theoretical frameworks and defines the process of HMD. For the work, convergence research (or transdisciplinarity, and interdisciplinarity) was conducted, which entails integrating knowledge, theories, methods, data, and expertise from different disciplines