Prevalence of major depressive disorder and minor depressive disorder in an elderly Korean population: Results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA)

Objective: We investigated the prevalence, risk factors and impact of major depressive disorder (MDD) and minor depressive disorder (MnDD) in a randomly selected community-dwelling Korean elderly population. Method: This study was conducted as a part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA). A study population of 1118 Korean elders was randomly sampled from residents of Seongnam, Korea aged 65 years or older. Standardized face-to-face interviews and neurological and physical examinations were conducted on 714 respondents using the Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. MOD was diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria, and MnDD according to research criteria proposed in Appendix B of the DSM-IV criteria. Results: Age-, gender- and education-standardized prevalence rates in Korean elders aged 65 years or older were estimated as 5.37% (95% CI = 3.72-7.03) for MOD, 5.52% (95% CI = 3.84-7.19) for MnDD, and 10.89% (95% CI = 8.60-13.17) for overall late-life depression (LLD). A prior MOD episode (OR = 3.07,95% CI = 1.38-6.82 in MDD, OR = 3.44,95% CI = 1.49-7.94 in MnDD), female gender (OR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.53-8.24 in MDD, OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.19-6.04 in MnDD) and history of stroke or TIA (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.62-7.35 in MDD. OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.34-6.52 in MnDD) were associated with the risks of both MDD and MnDD. Lack of formal education (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.30-5.85) and low income (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.02-7.88) were associated with the risk of MDD only. Quality of life (QOL) of the MOD and MnDD patients was worse than that of non-depressed elders (P<0.001, ANOVA). Conclusion: MnDD was as prevalent as MOD in Korean elders and impacted QOL as MDD did. MnDD patients may increase in the future with accelerated population aging and westernization of lifestyle in Korea. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the Independent Research Grant (IRG) from Pfizer Global Pharmaceuticals (grant no. 06-05-039), the Grant for Developing Seongnam Health Promotion Program for the Elderly from Seongnam City Government in Korea (grant no. 800-20050211) and the Grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (grant no.: A070001).Mossaheb N, 2009, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V70, P500Han L, 2008, AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT, V16, P742Cho MJ, 2007, J NERV MENT DIS, V195, P203, DOI 10.1097/01.nmd.0000243826.40732.45PARK JH, 2007, PSYCHIAT INVEST, V4, P84*UN DEP EC SOC AFF, 2007, WORLD POP PROSP 2006Djernes JK, 2006, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V113, P372, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00770.x*UN, 2006, WORLD POP PROSPYOUU SW, 2006, ANXIETY MOOD, V2, P50Chen RL, 2005, ARCH INTERN MED, V165, P2019, DOI 10.1001/archinte.165.17.2019Driscoll HC, 2005, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V20, P661, DOI 10.1002/gps.1334YI JS, 2005, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V44, P456*KNSO, 2005, REP POP HOUS CENSMojtabai R, 2004, PSYCHOL MED, V34, P623Battaglia A, 2004, INT CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V19, P135, DOI 10.1097/01.yic.0000122860.35081.5fBAE JN, 2004, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V57, P297Lee DY, 2004, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V10, P72Kessler RC, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V289, P3095Cole MG, 2003, AM J PSYCHIAT, V160, P1147Sonnenberg CM, 2003, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V18, P99, DOI 10.1002/gps.771*WHO, 2003, WORLD HLTH REP 2003NAM BH, 2003, J KOREAN SOC HLTH ST, V28, P3Lavretsky H, 2002, AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT, V10, P239Lee JH, 2002, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V57, pP47Brodaty H, 2001, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V66, P225Van den Berg MD, 2001, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V65, P19Chong MY, 2001, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V178, P29Thomas AJ, 2001, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V70, P83Dubois B, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P1621Steffens DC, 2000, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V57, P601SUH GH, 2000, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V39, P809Rollman BL, 1999, J AM GERIATR SOC, V47, P757Beekman ATF, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V174, P307CHO MJ, 1999, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V38, P48Newman SC, 1998, PSYCHOL MED, V28, P1339Beekman ATF, 1997, PSYCHOL MED, V27, P1397Lebowitz BD, 1997, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V278, P1186Liu CY, 1997, PSYCHOL MED, V27, P943MURRAY JL, 1996, GLOBAL BURDEN DISBeekman ATF, 1995, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V36, P65PAHKALA K, 1995, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V30, P99KRISHNAN KRR, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P785KOMAHASHI T, 1994, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V48, P517JUDD LL, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P18*AM PSYCH ASS TASK, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENTCHO MJ, 1993, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V32, P381WELLS KB, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P788MILLER MD, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES, V41, P237SHERBOURNE CD, 1991, SOC SCI MED, V32, P705HOROWITZ A, 1991, J GERONTOL SOC WORK, V17, P371989, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V129, P687BLAZER D, 1989, HOSP PRACT OFF ED, V24, P79VENTRY IM, 1982, EAR HEARING, V3, P128MURPHY E, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V141, P135HATANO S, 1976, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V54, P541LINN BS, 1968, J AM GERIATR SOC, V16, P622HAMILTON M, 1967, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V6, P278

Monolithic Interface Contact Engineering to Boost Optoelectronic Performances of 2D Semiconductor Photovoltaic Heterojunctions

In optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor heterojunctions, the efficient charge transport of photogenerated carriers across the interface is a critical factor to determine the device performances. Here, we report an unexplored approach to boost the optoelectronic device performances of the WSe2-MoS2 p-n heterojunctions via the monolithic-oxidation-induced doping and resultant modulation of the interface band alignment. In the proposed device, the atomically thin WOx layer, which is directly formed by layer-by-layer oxidation of WSe2, is used as a charge transport layer for promoting hole extraction. The use of the ultrathin oxide layer significantly enhanced the photoresponsivity of the WSe2-MoS(2 )p-n junction devices, and the power conversion efficiency increased from 0.7 to 5.0%, maintaining the response time. The enhanced characteristics can be understood by the formation of the low Schottky barrier and favorable interface band alignment, as confirmed by band alignment analyses and first-principle calculations. Our work suggests a new route to achieve interface contact engineering in the heterostructures toward realizing high-performance 2D optoelectronics

Korean Version of Frontal Assessment Battery: Psychometric Properties and Normative Data

Background: We developed the Korean version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB-K), evaluated its psychometric properties and constructed normative data for Korean elders. Methods: FAB-K was administered to 300 Alzheimer`s disease (AD) patients and 635 normal controls. Reliability of FAB-K was evaluated by testing its internal consistency, test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities. Validity of FAB-K was evaluated by testing discriminant validity for AD and concurrent validity with other frontal function tests. Age-and education-specific normative data of FAB-K were developed. Results: Cronbach`s alpha, inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of FAB-K were 0.802, 0.980 (p < 0.001) and 0.820 (p < 0.001), respectively. FAB-K exhibited significant correlations with the scores of MMSE and other frontal function tests (p < 0.01). Total and item scores of FAB-K were lower in AD patients than in controls and became worse as clinical dementia rating increased (F = 192.026, d.f. = 4, p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off score of FAB-K for AD was determined as 10/11, where sensitivity and specificity for AD were 0.717 and 0.827, respectively. Normative data were stratified by 3 age groups and 4 education groups. Conclusion: The FAB-K is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating frontal dysfunction, and may be useful for screening AD. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, BaselThis study was supported by an Independent Research Grant from Pfizer Global Pharmaceuticals (grant No. 06-05-039) and a grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (grant No. A092077).Hanyu H, 2009, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V24, P1034, DOI 10.1002/gps.2219Yoshida H, 2009, DEMENT GERIATR COGN, V27, P133, DOI 10.1159/000198687Fukui T, 2009, DEMENT GERIATR COGN, V28, P288, DOI 10.1159/000245157Nagata T, 2009, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V63, P449, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01968.xNAGATA T, 2009, INT PSYCHOGERIATR, P1Moorhouse P, 2009, DEMENT GERIATR COGN, V27, P424, DOI 10.1159/000212755Nakaaki S, 2008, INT PSYCHOGERIATR, V20, P964, DOI 10.1017/S1041610208007308Jhoo JH, 2008, DEMENT GERIATR COGN, V26, P270, DOI 10.1159/000160960Kugo A, 2007, PSYCHIAT RES, V153, P69, DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.04.004Nakaaki S, 2007, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V61, P78, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01614.xPARK JH, 2007, PSYCHIAT INVEST, V4, P84Oguro H, 2006, J NEUROL, V253, P1490, DOI 10.1007/s00415-006-0251-7Seo EH, 2006, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V21, P844, DOI 10.1002/gps.1570Ferri CP, 2005, LANCET, V366, P2112Lipton AM, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V65, P726Appollonio I, 2005, NEUROL SCI, V26, P108, DOI 10.1007/s10072-005-0443-4Slachevsky A, 2004, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V61, P1104Iavarone A, 2004, FUNCT NEUROL, V19, P191Mok VCT, 2004, ALZ DIS ASSOC DIS, V18, P68Swanberg MM, 2004, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V61, P556Lee DY, 2004, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V10, P72Lee JH, 2002, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V57, pP47Sgaramella TM, 2001, BRAIN COGNITION, V46, P264Dubois B, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P1621Desmond DW, 1999, ALZ DIS ASSOC DIS, V13, pS21Perry RJ, 1999, BRAIN, V122, P383Sheehan DV, 1998, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V59, P22Sheehan DV, 1998, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V59, P34Greene JDW, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V33, P1647*AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT1994, J NEUROL NEUROSURG P, V57, P416ROYALL DR, 1992, J AM GERIATR SOC, V40, P1221PAUKER JD, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P930MCKHANN G, 1984, NEUROLOGY, V34, P939HANLEY JA, 1983, RADIOLOGY, V148, P839ROBINSON AL, 1980, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V48, P605JONESGOTMAN M, 1977, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V15, P653BENTON AL, 1976, MULTILINGUAL APHASIANELSON HE, 1976, CORTEX, V12, P313Newton RL, 1950, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V6, P409

Prevalence and neuropsychiatric comorbidities of alcohol use disorders in an elderly Korean population

Objectives We investigated the prevalence and comorbidities of problem drinking in community-dwelling elders living in Korea. Methods Structured face-to-face diagnostic interviews were administered to the 714 Korean elders randomly sampled from Seongnam, Korea. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores, the participants were categorized into one of six diagnostic groups: lifetime abstainer, ex-drinker, social drinking, at-risk drinking, alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence. Results Prevalence rates of social drinking, at-risk drinking, alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence were estimated to be 13.60%, 5.42%, 2.28%, and 2.92%, respectively. Problem drinking was associated with increased risks of smoking (OR=3.52), whereas social drinking was associated with decreased risks of stroke (OR=0.27) and depression (OR=0.49). Conclusions Problem drinking was common particularly in men and associated with smoking. Social drinking was associated with the lower risks of stroke and depression. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This work was supported by an Independent Research Grant (IRG) from Pfizer Global Pharmaceuticals (grant no. 06–05–039) and a Grant for Developing Seongnam Health Promotion Program for the Elderly from Seongnam City Government in Korea (grant no. 800–20050211).Park JT, 2008, J KOREAN MED SCI, V23, P199, DOI 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.2.199Duranceaux NCE, 2008, J STUD ALCOHOL DRUGS, V69, P227Hasin DS, 2007, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V64, P830Gossop M, 2007, ADDICT BIOL, V12, P190, DOI 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00066.xCho MJ, 2007, J NERV MENT DIS, V195, P203, DOI 10.1097/01.nmd.0000243826.40732.45Eng MY, 2007, ALCOHOL RES HEALTH, V30, P22Huth C, 2007, J STUD ALCOHOL DRUGS, V68, P6PARK J, 2007, PSYCHIAT INVEST, V4, P80YOUU SW, 2006, ANXIETY MOOD, V2, P50Lukassen J, 2005, SOC SCI MED, V61, P1658, DOI 10.1016/j.soscimed.2005.03.019Ait-Daoud N, 2005, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V29, P1541, DOI 10.1097/01.alc.0000174692.20933.49Aira M, 2005, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V20, P680, DOI 10.1002/gps.1340Cook TAR, 2005, J STUD ALCOHOL, V66, P196Room R, 2005, LANCET, V365, P519Hahm BJ, 2005, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V40, P114, DOI 10.1007/s00127-005-0854-9Kim O, 2004, ADDICT BEHAV, V29, P1595, DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.037Bond GE, 2004, J AGING HEALTH, V16, P615, DOI 10.1177/0898264304268587Winblad B, 2004, J INTERN MED, V256, P240Lee DY, 2004, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V10, P72Reynolds K, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V289, P579, DOI 10.1001/jama.289.5.579Moore AA, 2003, J AM GERIATR SOC, V51, P44Sun F, 2002, BEHAV GENET, V32, P229Lee JH, 2002, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V57, pP47Wang JL, 2002, DEPRESS ANXIETY, V15, P42, DOI 10.1002/da.1084Thomas VS, 2001, J AM GERIATR SOC, V49, P415Dubois B, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P1621Johnson I, 2000, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V15, P575Dixit AR, 2000, AM J PSYCHIAT, V157, P751Rodgers B, 2000, PSYCHOL MED, V30, P421LEE BO, 2000, J KOREAN ACAD ADDICT, V4, P83Mulinga JD, 1999, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V14, P564Moore AA, 1999, J AM GERIATR SOC, V47, P412Caetano R, 1999, DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN, V54, P45CHO MJ, 1999, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V38, P48Thaller V, 1998, COLLEGIUM ANTROPOL, V22, P603Ruchlin HS, 1997, PREV MED, V26, P651GIRLING DM, 1995, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V34, P319OHARE T, 1995, ADDICT BEHAV, V20, P261ISAACSON JH, 1994, J GEN INTERN MED, V9, P550*AM PSYCH ASS TASK, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENTADAMS WL, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V270, P1222ROMAN GC, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P250DUFOUR MC, 1992, CLIN GERIATR MED, V8, P127BIEN TH, 1990, INT J ADDICT, V25, P1429WILLIAMS OD, 1989, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V129, P687WECHSLER D, 1987, WECHSLER MEMORY SCALSTALL R, 1986, ANTHR EPIDEMIOLOGY IMCKHANN G, 1984, NEUROLOGY, V34, P939KLATSKY AL, 1983, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V7, P372HATANO S, 1976, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V54, P541

Prevalence of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Korean Elders - Findings From the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA)

Background and Purpose-Studies on the epidemiology of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are very limited in Asian elderly populations. We investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities of stroke and TIA in community-dwelling Korean elders. Methods-Standardized face-to-face interviews, neurological examinations, and physical examinations were conducted in 714 randomly sampled community-dwelling Korean elders aged >= 65 years. Diagnoses of stroke and TIA were made according to the World Health Organization criteria. Results-Age- and education-standardized prevalences of stroke, TIA, and cerebrovascular disorder ( implying stroke or TIA) were estimated to be 10.1%, 8.9%, and 15.4%, respectively, in Korean elders. Hypertension and current smoking were associated with the risk of stroke, whereas atrial fibrillation, high diastolic blood pressure, high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hypertension were associated with the risk of TIA. Cerebrovascular disorder was associated with the risk of major depressive disorder, vascular dementia, and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (P<0.05). Conclusion-Prevalences of stroke and TIA in Korean elders were higher than in white elders. Stroke and TIA were associated with increased risk of depression and cognitive disorders.PARK J, 2007, PSYCHIAT INVEST, V4, P80YU KH, 2006, J KOREAN NEUROL ASS, V24, P535Jellinger KA, 2005, J NEUROL SCI, V229, P37, DOI 10.1016/j.jns.2004.11.018Petersen RC, 2004, J INTERN MED, V256, P183INOUE T, 2004, J STROKE CEREBROVASC, V13, P155Orlandi G, 2003, EUR J EPIDEMIOL, V18, P879Feigin VL, 2003, LANCET NEUROL, V2, P43Lee JH, 2002, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V57, pP47Sheehan DV, 1998, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V59, P22Sheehan DV, 1998, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V59, P34*AM PSYCH ASS TASK, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENTWILLIAMS OD, 1989, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V129, P687HATANO S, 1976, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V54, P541