Being outside and inside : dialogic identity and intercultural communication through drama in teaching English as an international language

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Impact of Out-of-pocket Pharmacy Costs and Medicare Part D on Medication Adherence among Adults with Diabetes

Significant out-of-pocket spending to afford medications to control blood glucose in elderly people with diabetes is one of the chief challenges to medication adherence. In an effort to reduce the financial burden of prescription drugs on the elderly, Medicare Part D was created and went into effect in 2006. However, one in four Medicare Part D beneficiaries experiences a coverage gap where they must pay 100% of total prescription drug costs. Approximately a quarter of those individuals discontinued their drugs when they reached the coverage gap. Currently, with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, the coverage gap will be eliminated by 2020. This dissertation examines which factors affect medication adherence in adults with diabetes (Aim 1) and whether the recent policy effort of Medicare Part D effectively decreases the financial burden of prescription drugs on the elderly with diabetes (Aim 2). Chapter One provides the significance of out-of-pocket costs for medication adherence in elderly individuals with diabetes as well as background information on Medicare Part D and its coverage gap. Chapter Two reviews the literature to synthesize current knowledge that has informed the methodology for this dissertation. This chapter also identifies gaps in this body of work. These include comparing advantages and disadvantages of medication adherence as measured by patient self-report, pharmacy refills, and electronic lids on medication containers. Two systematic reviews are conducted in order to determine the most commonly used measurements and definitions of medication adherence measured by pharmacy claims data, and to identify barriers to and facilitators of medication adherence among adult diabetes patients. Lastly, previous studies that focused on the impact of Medicare Part D and its coverage gap on out-of-pocket pharmacy costs and medication adherence are reviewed. Chapter Three describes the methodologies to address Aims 1 and 2 including the study design, information on the data source, sample descriptions, a conceptual framework, study variables and analytic plans. Chapter Four presents key findings of this study, and Chapter Five concludes with summaries and interpretations of the findings, implications for practice and policy, and recommendations for future research

The Scherzo in Selected Works for Piano

This performance project will cover performing issues in terms of technique in the scherzo. The Dictionary of Musical Terms defines technique as "the system of creating music, the musical slull to show personality by controlling tones that is not an abstract theory but a practical ability in composition or performance." My project focuses on techniques in fast tempos, specifically those found in the scherzo form and in concertos containing a scherzo character. The term scherzo has varied in its meaning and form throughout history. In the Baroque period, a scherzo was a work of light vocal or instrumental character. In the Classical period, scherzo still meant light in style, but it also indicated a quick tempo, often in 2/4 time. The scherzo was usually a single movement in a suite or multi-movement work. Like the minuet form, the scherzo contained a contrasting trio section. The scherzo was also standard in Romantic and post-Romantic symphonies and related genres. Because of the high degree of subjectivity in Romantic music, genres that stressed emotional content over abstract form developed rapidly. Some composers even wrote one-movement pieces entitled scherzo. These pieces became very important because they usually expressed a particular character or mood. The objective of my dissertation project is to research scherzo-like concertos, scherzo as single movements in larger forms, and scherzo as independent works. My first recital will consist of two concertos with a scherzo-like character. These are Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 9 i ?nl Major; K. 271 and Ravel's Piano Concerto in G Major. I will perform these works in December 2002 with a second piano. In addition, I will perform the Ravel with an orchestra in 2003. My second recital will consist of two parts. The fxst half presents multi-movement works with scherzo movements. The pieces are Haydn's Piano Sonata No. 3 in F Majol; Hob. WI/9, Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 10 in G Major; Op. 14, No. 2. The second half presents independent four scherzi by Chopin. The final program will also include multi-movement works containing scherzo and independent scherzo. These are Prokofiev's Piano Sonata No. 2 in D minor, Op. 14, Grieg Lyric Pieces Op. 54, Schubert Zwei Scherzi D. 593 and Copland Scherzo humoristique; Le Chat et la Souris (The Cat and the Mouse)

Assessment of Size-Dependent Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles

Nanoscale silver has been increasingly applied to commercial products for their antimicrobial function as antibiotics and disinfectants. In this work, the different sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were studied not only in Methylobacterium spp. for their antimicrobial potential but also in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for their cytotoxicity in order to determine responses dependent on their particle size. Size controlled silver particles were prepared by chemical reduction of silver cations (Ag+) and then dispersed in water for their physicochemical characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. To ascertain antimicrobial response, water-soluble silver nanoparticles were mixed into Methylobacterium spp. cultured for two days and the sample from the broth was spread on the agar plate for colony counting. 10 nm nanoparticles showed more antimicrobial activity than 100 nm particles at which concentrations were equivalently controlled. Increased cytotoxic effect of smaller silver nanoparticles was also observed in PBMCs cocultured with particles. Silver ions released from 10 nm particles might be correlated with upregulated antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of AgNPs

SPECFITTER: A LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR THE ROTATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIST

begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0pt} includegraphics[scale=0.4]{specfitter.eps} end{wrapfigure} A windows based, mouse-event driven software program that acts a graphical user interface to Pickett's fitting programs has been created and improved. The program, SpecFitter, is aimed at walking users through the process of assigning pure rotational spectra. Rotational spectra, in XY format, may be viewed and inspected and the user is provided with tools for observing and recording repeating, similar patterns of transitions. The structure of these patterns is interpreted into ``guesses" at rotational constants which the user may then use to predict a spectrum. Observed transition frequencies may then be assigned quantum number transitions and appended to the .lin file through mouse clicks. Although the thrust of this project is to develop a users ability to assign spectra without knowing the molecule producing the spectra the program can also read in and display calculated structures of target molecules produced by the Gaussian03/09 software, or alternatively the user can draw their own structures. Structures can be edited allowing users to observe the relationship between molecular structure and (i) the direction of dipole moment components and (ii) the relationships between structure and rotational constants. Users may also easily predict spectra from the molecules structure and further relate rotational constants to observed spectra. Students in CHEM 3510 at Purchase College have been vital in developing the software

Concerning the Mismatch of Particle wa and Korean nun/un

Korean and Japanese have in common the grammatical category of case markers. Thus, in the case of native Korean learners of the Japanese language and the native Japanese learners of the Korean language, the effectiveness of second language learning is in general high. However, the usage of the case markers in the two languages is not always identical. We can see various cases of non－correspondence in the use of the case markers in the two languages. Although the postpositional markers wa and nun/un correspond to each other in many areas, there are some areas in which wa and nun/un do not correspond: one remarkable mismatch is observed in WH－questions. In this paper, we observe two phenomena in WH－question sentences. First, in the case where the noun phrase (NP) or the pronoun in sentence initial position has neither determiner nor modifying phrase, nominative marker ka/i is used in Korean, whereas wa is used in Japanese. Second, in the case where the NP has a determiner or modifying phrase, the marker in the Korean sentences which corresponds to wa in the corresponding Japanese sentence can be nun/un. The explanation lies in that the determiner or modifying phrase set the limit of the NP. In other words, whereas wa can occur when the NP in WH－questions are not limited, nun in Korean cannot. Unlike wa, nun/un in Korean always requires some kind of limitation.論

Refining Historical earthquake Data Through Modeling and Scale Model Tests

This study was performed for the reevaluation of historical earthquake records which occurred in Korea through tests and numerical analyses. For the scale model tests, static and cyclic lateral load tests on wooden frames that constitute a Korean ancient commoner’s house were conducted. Full-scale models of two types of frames were used for testing. Two 1:4 scale models were tested for rock and soil foundation conditions. Scaled real earthquake time histories were inputted for the tests. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the collapse of the house at the soil site was 0.25g, whereas PGA for moderate damage at the rock site was 0.6g. The intensity of major historical earthquake records related with house collapses was reevaluated based on the results of these scale mode1 tests. The magnitudes of historical earthquake records related with house collapses were estimated considering the magnitude, epicentral distance, soil condition and aging of the house. Eighteen artificial time histories for magnitudes 6-8, epicentral distances 5 km - 350 km and hard and soft soil condition were generated. The aging effects of the house was modeled as the lateral loading capacity of wooden frames represented by hysteretic stiffness decreased linearly with time