Effects analysis of three kinds of operation methods in treatment of dacryocystitis

AIM: To investigate the effects on patients with chronic dacryocystitis treated with three methods: external dacryocystorhinostomy(EDCR), intranasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(IEDCR)and Nd:YAG laser dacryoplasty, and to explore the best operation method. <p>METHODS:Totally 182 cases(202 eyes)were randomly divided into three groups, using EDCR, IEDCR and Nd:YAG laser dacryoplasty respectively, postoperative follow- up lasted 6-24months.<p>RESULTS: The success rate of three groups were 93.9%, 92.3% and 71.1% respectively. There was not significant difference between group EDCR and group IEDCR(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was significant difference between group Nd:YAG laser dacryoplasty and other two groups(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: EDCR and IEDCR are effective methods. Especially IEDCR is minimal invasive technique and worthy of promotion and application

Diaqua­bis[2-(4-bromo­phen­yl)acetato]bis­(N 4,N 4-dimethyl­pyridin-4-amine)copper(II)

In the title compound, [Cu(C8H6BrO2)2(C7H10N2)2(H2O)2], the CuII atom (site symmetry ) adopts a Jahn–Teller-distorted trans-CuN2O4 octa­hedral coordination, with the aqua O atoms in axially extended sites. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond helps to establish the conformation and an inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is seen in the crystal packing

QCD sum rule studies on the sssˉsˉs s \bar s \bar s tetraquark states of JPC=0−+J^{PC} = 0^{-+}

We apply the method of QCD sum rules to study the $s s \bar s \bar s$ tetraquark states of $J^{PC} = 0^{-+}$. We construct all the relevant $s s \bar s \bar s$ tetraquark currents, and find that there are only two independent ones. We use them to further construct two weakly-correlated mixed currents. One of them leads to reliable QCD sum rule results and the mass is extracted to be $2.51^{+0.15}_{-0.12}$ GeV, suggesting that the $X(2370)$ or the $X(2500)$ can be explained as the $ss\bar s\bar s$ tetraquark state of $J^{PC} = 0^{-+}$. To verify this interpretation, we propose to further study the $\pi\pi/K \bar K$ invariant mass spectra of the $J/\psi \to \gamma \pi \pi \eta^\prime/\gamma K \bar K \eta^\prime$ decays in BESIII to examine whether there exists the $f_0(980)$ resonance.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, suggestions and comments are welcom

Preliminary Trial to Establish Artificial Grassland in Tibet, China

Tibet Autonomous Region with an average altitude of more than 4,000 m above sea level, altogether cover an area of 1.22 million km2, equivalent to one-eight of the total area of China. High mountains along with forests and rivers in Tibet consist of an important ecological barrier for protecting parts of inland ecosystems. Tibet is also one of the five major pastoral areas in China. The grassland in Tibet covers 0.83 million km2, but the grass is sparse and low, and with low yield in this area. There are nearly 2.8 million people in this region, while the area of arable land is less than 2.533 thousand km2. Nearly 40.5 million tons of hay are needed for about 45 million sheep units in Tibet (Yu et al., 2010), while the actual amount is less than 20 million tons (including 15 million tons per year from natural grassland, and 2～3 million tons per year from the straw of naked barley). It exacerbating the degradation of natural grassland for the contradiction between livestock and grass. Research shows that the most effective measure to maintain local economic growth, coordinated development of ecological security and curb the further degradation of the grassland in Tibet is by planting high yielding and high quality forage crops, changing the traditional way of free grazing and implementing captive feeding gradually

Family caregiver’s willingness to care from the perspective of altruism

ObjectivesThe willingness of family members to take care of older relatives directly affects the quality of life of disabled older adults, so it is necessary to understand the status quo of willingness to care and its influencing factors. This has been extensively studied in other countries, but, it is rarely studied in China. Based on the theory of altruism, employing a unique sample from Shanghai, China in 2017 and 2022, we attempt to reveal the influencing factors of the care willingness of family caregivers during the transition period.MethodsTo measure caregiver burden and functional disability of the care recipient, we employ the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Barthel Index, respectively. Then we utilized the ordinary least squares (OLS) methodology and estimated four regression models. Models 1, 2, and 3 examined the impact of the variables of the caregiver burden, responsibility and love, and the quality of the caregiver-caregiver recipient relationship, respectively, on family caregivers’ willingness to care. Model 4 was the full model. To testify whether the caregiver burden is likely to act as a mediator, path analysis was used, and the path was adjusted and verified.ResultsAccording to the survey, in Shanghai, only half of the caregivers had a very high care willingness to care for disabled older relatives, while nearly one-tenth of the caregivers had a low willingness. It was the caregiver burden rather than the functional disability of older adults that harms family caregivers’ willingness to care. Responsibility and caring out of love were positively related to care willingness. Relationship quality was the most important influencing factor, explaining 10.2% of the variance in care willingness. Path analysis demonstrated that responsibility, caring out of love, and relationship quality directly and through the mediation of caregiver burden indirectly affected care willingness.ConclusionOur results revealed that reciprocal altruism presented by the quality of the caregiver-care recipient relationship had a significantly positive impact on family caregivers’ willingness to care. In addition, the caregiver burden was found not only directly affected care willingness, but also acted as a mediator. To promote the perfection of laws and policies, comprehensive samples of different types of cities should be included and the measurement of key variables could be further improved in future studies

Chronic Ethanol Consumption Impairs the Tactile-Evoked Long-Term Depression at Cerebellar Molecular Layer Interneuron-Purkinje Cell Synapses in vivo in Mice

The cerebellum is sensitive to ethanol (EtOH) consumption. Chronic EtOH consumption impairs motor learning by modulating the cerebellar circuitry synaptic transmission and long-term plasticity. Under in vitro conditions, acute EtOH inhibits both parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) long-term depression (LTD). However, thus far it has not been investigated how chronic EtOH consumption affects sensory stimulation-evoked LTD at the molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) to the Purkinje cell (PC) synapses (MLI-PC LTD) in the cerebellar cortex of living animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic EtOH consumption on facial stimulation-evoked MLI-PC LTD, using an electrophysiological technique as well as pharmacological methods, in urethane-anesthetized mice. Our results showed that facial stimulation induced MLI–PC LTD in the control mice, but it could not be induced in mice with chronic EtOH consumption (0.8 g/kg; 28 days). Blocking the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor activity with AM-251, prevented MLI-PC LTD in the control mice, but revealed a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of MLI–PC synaptic transmission (MLI-PC LTP) in the EtOH consumption mice. Notably, with the application of a NO donor, S-nitroso-N-Acetyl-D, L-penicillamine (SNAP) alone prevented the induction of MLI–PC LTD, but a mixture of SNAP and AM-251 revealed an MLI-PC LTP in control mice. In contrast, inhibiting NO synthase (NOS) revealed the facial stimulation-induced MLI-PC LTD in EtOH consumption mice. These results indicate that long-term EtOH consumption can impair the sensory stimulation-induced MLI–PC LTD via the activation of a NO signaling pathway in the cerebellar cortex in vivo in mice. Our results suggest that the chronic EtOH exposure causes a deficit in the cerebellar motor learning function and may be involved in the impaired MLI–PC GABAergic synaptic plasticity

Mechanism of supply chain coordination based on price discount with privacy protection in one-supplier-one-buyer system

It is of great economic significance to optimize the total cost and improve the performance of the supply chain. In this paper, we assume that the market demand is random, and the seller and the buyer share information and make decisions together. We analyze the optimal joint order quantity under probabilistic demand and design the quantity discount model and profit distribution mechanism. Under a certain quantity discount mechanism and profit distribution strategy, both the seller and the buyer can reduce costs. The quantity discount model and profit distribution mechanism designed require supply chain members to share information. In order to protect the privacy of members and improve the willingness of supply chain members to share information, we designed a privacy protection joint ordering policy protocol and privacy protection quantity discount policy based on Secure multiparty computation technology. Then, the joint ordering strategy, the privacy-preserving joint ordering strategy, and quantity discount protocol are numerically simulated. The numerical simulation results show that the privacy-preserving quantity discount coordination mechanism designed by us can reduce the cost of supply chain members to varying degrees and effectively protect the shared information of supply chain members. This work is helpful to the research of cost optimization of the system in complex supply chain systems

Bis(2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole-κ2 N 3,N 3′)bis­(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)copper(II) bis­(tetra­fluoridoborate)

In the title copper(II) salt, [Cu(C6H6N4)2(C2H6OS)2](BF4)2, the Jahn–Teller distorted octa­hedral coordination sphere of copper is formed from four 2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole N atoms and two dimethyl sulfoxide O atoms. The Cu atom lies on a center of inversion. N—H⋯O and N—H⋯F hydrogen bonds give rise to a one-dimensional structure. The BF4 − anion is disordered over two sites in a 0.671 (10):0.329 (10) ratio