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Knowledge creation in IJVs: the mediating role of formal and informal communication
This study explores the path of knowledge creation in an international joint venture (IJV) by examining the distinctive mediating role of formal and informal communication. We present that an organizational learning platform, which includes commitment, cultural distance, and cultural alignment, is a crucial determinant for communication between partner firms that leads to new knowledge creation in IJVs. Using survey data collected from 136 Korean parent firms of IJVs, we find that an organizational learning platform of IJVs largely influences formal and informal communication between partners. Whereas commitment to partners and cultural distance between partners promote only formal communication, cultural alignment enhances both formal and informal communication. We also find that the impact of formal communication on IJV knowledge creation is greater than that of informal communication. Our findings provide important implications for managers of both IJVs and parent firms that aim to create new knowledge through IJVs
Isospin fractionation in the nucleon emissions and fragment emissions in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
The degree of isospin fractionation is measured by /
, where and are the saturated
neutron-proton ratio of nucleon emissions (gas phase) and that of fragment
emissions (liquid phase) in heavy ion collision at intermediate energy . The
calculated results by using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics
model show that the degree of isospin fractionation is sensitive to the
neutron-proton ratio of colliding system but insensitive to the difference
between the neutron-proton ratio of target and that of projectile. In
particular, the degree of isospin fractionation sensitively depends on the
symmetry potential. However its dependences on the isospin dependent in-medium
nucleon-nucleon cross section and momentum dependent interaction are rather
weak.
The nucleon emission (gas phase) mainly determines the dynamical behavior of
the degree of isospin fractionation in the isospin fractionation process,
compared to the effect of fragment emission. In this case, we propose that
/ or can be directly compared with
the experimental data so that the information about symmetry potential can be
obtaine
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