Radial transonic shock solutions of Euler-Poisson system in convergent nozzles

Given constant data of density $\rho_0$, velocity $-u_0{\bf e}_r$, pressure $p_0$ and electric force $-E_0{\bf e}_r$ for supersonic flow at the entrance, and constant pressure $p_{\rm ex}$ for subsonic flow at the exit, we prove that Euler-Poisson system admits a unique transonic shock solution in a two dimensional convergent nozzle, provided that $u_0>0$, $E_0>0$, and that $E_0$ is sufficiently large depending on $(\rho_0, u_0, p_0)$ and the length of the nozzle

Reduced-Size Series-Fed Two-Dipole Endfire Antenna

The conventional series-fed endfire dipole antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth and is inexpensive to manufacture. However, it has a disadvantage: its size is large because of the large inter-dipole spacing, which is required to satisfy the endfire condition for good antenna radiation characteristics. Here, we propose a two-dipole endfire antenna with a reduced size. The miniaturized endfire antenna was designed using a meander line to reduce the interdipole spacing while ensuring that the endfire condition was satisfied. Furthermore, the overall width of the antenna was reduced using a bent dipole and a corrugated ground plane. The electrical size of the proposed antenna was only 0.33λo × 0.33λo × 0.014λo at a center frequency of 5 GHz, its −10 dB impedance bandwidth was 4.47–5.72 GHz (24.5%), and the gain at the center frequency was 5.9 dBi

Generation of subspecies level-specific microbial diagnostic microarrays using genes amplified from subtractive suppression hybridization as microarray probes

The generation of microarray probes with specificity below the species level is an ongoing challenge, not least because the high-throughput detection of microorganisms would be an efficient means of identifying environmentally relevant microbes. Here, we describe how suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) can be applied to the production of microarray probes that are useful for microbial differentiation at the subspecies level. SSH was used to initially isolate unique genomic sequences of nine Salmonella strains, and these were validated in quadruplicate by microarray analysis. The results obtained indicate that a large group of genes subtracted by SSH could serve together, as one probe, for detecting a microbial subspecies. Similarly, the whole microbial genome (not subjected to SSH) can be used as a species-specific probe. The detailed methods described herein could be used and adapted for the estimation of any cultivable bacteria from different environments

Analysis of import changes through shift-share, location quotient and BCG techniques: Gwangyang Port in Asia

The main aim of this article is to analyze the import changes of Gwangyang Port using shift-share, location quotient and BCG matrix techniques. We perform the standard shift-share analysis and spatial shift-share analysis for the period 2010–2018 and investigate the import performance of Gwangyang Port for coal, iron ore, natural gas and vegetable matter. The static analysis shows that the regional shift effect, which is the most important component, is negative for coal and iron ore, but positive for natural gas and vegetable matter. The spatial shift-share analysis also indicates that Gwangyang Port experiences not only the gains in regional competitiveness but the industrial advantage for iron ore, natural gas and vegetable matter owing to its higher competitiveness. Incorporating location coefficients into BCG matrix for coal imports, we also show that Gwangyang Port succeeds upgrading its position for natural gas and vegetable matter, but fails escaping from transformation category or upgrading its position for coal and iron ore

Role of Transcription Factor Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver not due to alcohol abuse. NAFLD is accompanied by variety of symptoms related to metabolic syndrome. Although the metabolic link between NAFLD and insulin resistance is not fully understood, it is clear that NAFLD is one of the main cause of insulin resistance. NAFLD is shown to affect the functions of other organs, including pancreas, adipose tissue, muscle and inflammatory systems. Currently efforts are being made to understand molecular mechanism of interrelationship between NAFLD and insulin resistance at the transcriptional level with specific focus on post-translational modification (PTM) of transcription factors. PTM of transcription factors plays a key role in controlling numerous biological events, including cellular energy metabolism, cell-cycle progression, and organ development. Cell type- and tissue-specific reversible modifications include lysine acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation. Moreover, phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine residues have been shown to affect protein stability, subcellular distribution, DNA-binding affinity, and transcriptional activity. PTMs of transcription factors involved in insulin-sensitive tissues confer specific adaptive mechanisms in response to internal or external stimuli. Our understanding of the interplay between these modifications and their effects on transcriptional regulation is growing. Here, we summarize the diverse roles of PTMs in insulin-sensitive tissues and their involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance

Multiple Surgical Treatments for Recurrent Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient with Respiratory Failure on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be required in patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) and respiratory failure. Anticoagulation is the standard treatment to prevent complications of ECMO and COVID-19 coagulopathy, however, there is a risk of bleeding. Some patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) have been treated with angiography-embolization. We report on a patient with COVID-19 on ECMO who underwent multiple operations (×5) for recurrent RPH. A 46-year-old man was admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia. ECMO with anticoagulation therapy was initiated. The patient developed RPH, caused by external compression of the inferior vena cava interrupting the ECMO inflow, and surgical hematoma evacuation was performed, with no obvious bleeding focus during the multiple surgeries. Following the patient’s recovery, a follow-up computed tomography scan showed the hematoma had been resolved, but there was a dilemma regarding anticoagulation. Lowering the threshold for surgical treatment, enabled treatment of a patient with serious RPH

Mediastinal lymphoma in a young Turkish Angora cat

An 8-month old intact male Turkish Angora cat was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), Seoul National University, for an evaluation of anorexia and severe dyspnea. The thoracic radiographs revealed significant pleural effusion. A cytology evaluation of the pleural fluid strongly suggested a lymphoma containing variable sized lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures and prominent nucleoli. The feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus tests were negative. The cat was euthanized at his owner's request and a necropsy was performed. A mass was detected on the mediastinum and lung lobes. A histopathology evaluation confirmed the mass to be a lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the mass to be CD3 positive. In conclusion, the cat was diagnosed as a T-cell mediastinal lymphoma

Convergence ― Divergence in Capitalism Revisited

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in analyzing the market as a social structure. One of the major issues is whether the industrialization paths in various countries have become divergent or convergent. In this paper, we attempt to compare South Korea and the United States. Research questions raised are: first, what are the main characteristics of the structural change in the market; and second, whether the evolving Korean industrial structure is converging toward the structure exhibited by advanced economies such as the United States? Because of active interventions of the Korean government in industrial development, we originally expected that the Korean Industrial Input/Output structures would differ from those of the United States. However, we found that Korean I/O structures are moving towards the U.S. structure as the Korean economy develops. We interpreted that the convergent path may have resulted from technological imperatives of inter-industry relations. During the market's evolutionary process, however, we found that the government participated in the evolution of such a market structure by selectively supporting key industries with its policy loans