Sequential Ruthenium Catalysis for Olefin Isomerization and Oxidation: Application to the Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids

How can you use a ruthenium isomerization catalyst twice? A ruthenium-catalyzed sequence for the formal two-carbon scission of allyl groups to carboxylic acids has been developed. The reaction includes an initial isomerization step using commercially available ruthenium catalysts followed by <i>in situ</i> transformation of the complex to a metal-oxo species, which is capable of catalyzing subsequent oxidation reactions. The method enables enantioselective syntheses of challenging α-tri- and tetrasubstituted α-amino acids including an expedient total synthesis of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam

Sequential Ruthenium Catalysis for Olefin Isomerization and Oxidation: Application to the Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids

How can you use a ruthenium isomerization catalyst twice? A ruthenium-catalyzed sequence for the formal two-carbon scission of allyl groups to carboxylic acids has been developed. The reaction includes an initial isomerization step using commercially available ruthenium catalysts followed by <i>in situ</i> transformation of the complex to a metal-oxo species, which is capable of catalyzing subsequent oxidation reactions. The method enables enantioselective syntheses of challenging α-tri- and tetrasubstituted α-amino acids including an expedient total synthesis of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam

long-term zebrafish study

These data provide the information on tankno, generation, numred, numwt, pctredmorph, and simulationredpct. Tankno provides information on each of the 18 tanks; generation for each of the 18 tanks varies from 1 to a maximum of 15; how the generations were collected is explained in the paper as no overlapping generations were permitted, numred is the number of red adults counted at the end of each generation; numwt is the number of wild-type adults counted at the end of each generation; pctredmorph is calculated as: (numred/ numred + numwt) * 100; simulationredpct is the predicted percent red individuals by the demographic model described in the paper

malemale chases for sas

These data provide the information on the number of male directed chases toward another male and indicate if the male chasing was red or wild type, and if the male being chased was red or wild type. Data are given for group, %red male category, number of chases, collection, type of chase, and chases per male. Group is referred to as aquarium in the paper; pctred is the %red male category of which there are five types (25%, 33$, 50%, 66%, and 75%; number of chases observed is how many chases were observed during the 10 min observation period each day; collection refers to the number of days that data were collected for each group; Chasetype: 1 = wild-type male chasing a red male, 2 = a red male chasing a wild-type male; chasepermale divides the numbchases by how many males of each type were in the aquarium to allow for comparison of different %red male categories

malefemale chases for sas

Data file: Malefemale chases: These data provide the information on the number of male directed chases toward females and indicate if the male chasing was red or wild type. Data are given for collection, type of chase, number of chases, group, %red male category, chases per male, and chase type. Collection refers to the number of days that data were collected for each group, type of chase: either red male or wild-type male chasing a female, number of chases observed is how many chases were observed during the 10 min observation period each day; group is referred to as aquarium in the paper; pctred is the %red male category of which there are five types (25%, 33$, 50%, 66%, and 75%. Chasespermale divides the numbchases by how many males were in the aquarium to allow for comparison of different %red male categories. Chasetype codes typechase numerically (1 = wild-type male chasing female; 2 = red male chasing female)

Magnetoreception of Photoactivated Cryptochrome 1 in Electrochemistry and Electron Transfer

Cryptochromes are flavoproteins whose photochemistry is important for crucial functions associated with phototropism and circadian clocks. In this report, we, for the first time, observed a magnetic response of the cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) immobilized at a gold electrode with illumination of blue light. These results present the magnetic field-enhanced photoinduced electron transfer of CRY1 to the electrode by voltammetry, exhibiting magnetic responsive rate constant and electrical current changes. A mechanism of the electron transfer, which involves photoinduced radicals in the CRY, is sensitive to the weak magnetic field; and the long-lived free radical FAD^•– is responsible for the detected electrochemical Faradaic current. As a photoreceptor, the finding of a 5.7% rate constant change in electron transfer corresponding to a 50 μT magnetic field may be meaningful in regulation of magnetic field signaling and circadian clock function under an electromagnetic field

fry for sas analysis

These data provide the information on the number of fry of each genotype collected each day from each aquarium. Group is referred to as aquarium in the paper; number of fry refers to how many fry of each type were collected; pctredsires is the %red male category of which there are five types (25%, 33$, 50%, 66%, and 75%; frytype is either red or wild-type; collection refers to the number of days that data were collected for each grou

Single-Particle Fluorescence Intensity Fluctuations of Carbon Nanodots

Fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) were synthesized in oxidized and reduced forms and were analyzed at the single-particle level. Images of single CNDs at different excitation energies revealed significant heterogeneity in the lower energy trap sites between particles. We observed that a high percentage of reduced CND particles transitioned between multiple fluorescence intensity levels indicative of multichromophoric systems. Despite this behavior, individual CNDs exhibit single-step photobleaching and transient blinking to the background level suggesting single-molecule behavior

Centimeter-Scale Achromatic Hybrid Metalens Design: A New Paradigm Based on Differentiable Ray Tracing in the Visible Spectrum

Single metalenses are limited by their physical constraints, precluding themselves from achieving high numerical aperture across a wide visible spectral band in large-aperture applications. A hybrid system that integrates a metalens with a refractive lens can address this issue, yet previous designs lacked sufficient flexibility. Here, by reanalyzing the generalized Snell's law, we introduce a new paradigm for the hybrid metalens design based on differentiable ray tracing. Through joint optimization of the phase distribution of the metalens and refractive lens parameters, our system achieves achromatic performance within the broad spectral range of 440-700 nm, with an aperture of 1 cm and an f-number of 1.4. Owing to the differentiable nature of the proposed system, it can be seamlessly integrated as the optical front-end into any differentiable computational imaging system. Our system offers unprecedented opportunities for the advancement of metalenses in innovative optical design and computational imaging domains

Table1.XLSX

<p>HIGHLIGHTS</p><p>Metabolites and transcripts related to plant physiology in salt stress conditions, especially to the recovery process were disclosed in peanut.</p><p></p><p>Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is considered as a moderately salt-sensitive species and thus soil salinity can be a limiting factor for peanut cultivation. To gain insights into peanut plant physiology in response to salt stress and alleviation, we comprehensively characterized leaf relative electrolyte leakage (REC), photosynthesis, leaf transpiration, and metabolism of plants under salt stress and plants that were subjected to salt stress followed by salt alleviation period. As expected, we found that REC levels were higher when plants were subjected to salt stress compared with the untreated plants. However, in contrast to expectations, REC was even higher compared with salt treated plants when plants were transferred from salt stress to standard conditions. To decipher REC variation in response to salt stress, especial during the recovery, metabolite, and transcript variations were analyzed by GC/MS and RNA-seq method, respectively. Ninety two metabolites, among total 391 metabolites identified, varied in response to salt and 42 metabolites responded to recovery specially. Transcriptomics data showed 1,742 in shoots and 3,281 in roots transcript varied in response to salt stress and 372 in shoots and 1,386 transcripts in roots responded specifically to recovery, but not salt stress. Finally, 95 transcripts and 1 metabolite are indicated as candidates involved in REC, photosynthesis, transpiration, and Na⁺ accumulation variation were revealed by using the principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis. This study provides valuable information on peanut response to salt stress and recovery and may inspire further study to improve salt tolerance in peanut germplasm innovation.</p