Network-Aware AutoML Framework for Software-Defined Sensor Networks

As the current detection solutions of distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS) need additional infrastructures to handle high aggregate data rates, they are not suitable for sensor networks or the Internet of Things. Besides, the security architecture of software-defined sensor networks needs to pay attention to the vulnerabilities of both software-defined networks and sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a network-aware automated machine learning (AutoML) framework which detects DDoS attacks in software-defined sensor networks. Our framework selects an ideal machine learning algorithm to detect DDoS attacks in network-constrained environments, using metrics such as variable traffic load, heterogeneous traffic rate, and detection time while preventing over-fitting. Our contributions are two-fold: (i) we first investigate the trade-off between the efficiency of ML algorithms and network/traffic state in the scope of DDoS detection. (ii) we design and implement a software architecture containing open-source network tools, with the deployment of multiple ML algorithms. Lastly, we show that under the denial of service attacks, our framework ensures the traffic packets are still delivered within the network with additional delays

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Tail docking and ear cropping in dogs: a short review of laws and welfare aspects in the Europe and Turkey

Ear cropping and tail docking in domestic dogs are complex issues involving economic, aesthetic, welfare and moral considerations. The protagonists of tail docking claim that tails have to be docked in order to prevent tail-tip injuries of working dogs in particular hunting dogs in the world and tails could cause problems through wagging in households. In Turkey, dog owners or breeders especially those with Turkish Kangal Shepherd dogs have the ears of their dogs cropped to prevent the injuries due to the fights with wolves and other dogs. Additionally, it is believed that injuries from the thorny iron leash are prevented and a better hearing capacity is warranted next to a better traditional aesthetic appearance. There is scientific evidence that dogs need their tails for balance and support, also the ear is known to have important functions in the dog's body as anatomical and physiological and there is no rational reason to support the cropping of a dog’s ears or docking of their tail. Although both practices are forbidden by law in Turkey, ear cropping and tail docking are still practiced by a few veterinarians and breeders. In this study, the physiological and behavioural responses caused by tail docking and ear cropping in dogs are affirmed in terms of scientific evidence and rationale in evaluating animal welfare and laws in Europe and Turkey

Barrier effect of sternum to right ventricle dilatation appearing like letter phi "phi'' on MPI

WOS: 000442667600059PubMed: 2897557

Investigation of the effect of carnitine on cerebral vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model

Abstract The vasospasm, which develops after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is an unenlightened table in terms of etiology and results. It is usually associated with decreased perfusion, which is associated with decreased blood flow distal to the affected artery and can be demonstrated radiologically. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) can be found in brain tissue and easily crosses the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ALCAR, which is an effective antioxidant amine, on vasospasm development after experimental SAH. In our study, 35 adults male Wistar RATs weighing between 235–250 g were used. These RATs were divided into five groups with n = 7. Group 1 Control group, Group 2 SAH + SF (carrier solution), Group 3 SAH + ALCAR 50 mg\kg intraperitoneally, Group 4 SAH + ALCAR 100 mg\kg intraperitoneally and Group 5 SAH. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by giving autologous arterial blood to the cisterna magna of the animals in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5. At 0.-12.- 24.- 36.- 48.- 60. and 72. h, Group 2 was injected with SF, Group 3 with intraperitoneally ALCAR 50 mg\kg, and Group 4 with intraperitoneally ALCAR 100 mg\kg, respectively. Following perfusion and fixation, the animals were subjected to a wide craniectomy, and the brain, cerebellum, and brain stems were removed globally. Then, sections were taken from the basilar arteries of all animals and photographed at 40X magnification. Basilar artery lumen cross-sectional areas, basilar artery areas, and wall thicknesses were measured from these sections. The basilar artery lumen cross-sectional area was found to be significantly larger in the groups in which SAH was formed and ALCAR 50 mg\kg and ALCAR 100 mg\kg were given compared to the group with only SAH and SAH + SF (p = 0.0408). Basilar artery wall thickness increased in all groups except the control group (p < 0.05). In light of all these findings, it was concluded in our study that Carnitine was effective in the resolution of vasospasm in the experimental SAH model

Patient Eligibility for Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach in an Endemic Region

Objective: Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach ( TOETVA) is a scarless method that enables thyroidectomyusing natural orifice of the body. The opinion which is even common among TOETVA performing surgeons is that this surgery involves a small percentage of thyroidectomy applied patients. In this study, based on the currently accepted exclusion criteria, we aimed to determine what percentage of patients, who underwent thyroidectomy in an endemic area are actually suitable for TOETVA. Methods: Between January 2017 and December 2019, 1197 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for thyroid pathology in our clinic were analyzed retrospectively. Pre-operative evaluations were made according to the current exclusion criteria and as a result, patients with no previous neck surgery, no history of radiotherapy, no retrosternal thyroid extension, and none lymph node dissection operation been made and whose thyroid gland diameter is 10 cm and gland volume is not more than 45 ml, malignant nodule diameter is 2 cm, and benign nodule diameter is 4 cm are involved to this study by being considered appropriate for TOETVA procedure. Results: According to the criteria, 513 patients (42.8%) were found suitable for TOETVA. A total of 421 (82%) of these patients were female and 92 (18%) were male. The mean age was 46.2 +/- 13.2. A total of 192 (37%) of these patients were operated due to the benign reasons, and 321 (63%) of these patients operated due to the malignancy or suspicion of malignancy. Average nodule size was 1.9 cm, and the average thyroid volume was 23.8 ml among benign patients. Whereas among malignant patients, the average nodule size was 1.7 cm and the average thyroid volume was 21.8 ml. A total of 462 (90.1%) of the patients were applied to the total thyroidectomy and 51 (9.9%) of the patients were applied to the hemithyroidectomy. In the same period, 29 patients operated through TOETVA and 4 patients operated through bilateral axillary breast approach thyroidectomy. When the final pathology, results of the patients were examined, papillary thyroid carcinoma was seen in 301 (58.7%) patients, benign pathologies were seen in 192 (37.4%) patients, and 20 (3.9%) patients were diagnosed with other pathologies (follicular thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma and Hurthle cell neoplasia, etc.). Conclusion: Although patient willingness factor could not be included in the study, TOETVA eligible patient repository is wider contrary to popular belief. In our humble opinion, TOETVA method is going to pursue its spread and become a part of the routine surgical training session due to its effectiveness in terms of credibility in today's world where cosmetic concerns gradually gain prominence

Technical staffs' knowledge and attitudes survey regarding tail docking on dairy farms of Turkey

The study examined the knowledge, beliefs, and attitudinal drivers of technical staff and breeders regarding tail docking and the incidence of docking on large-scale dairy farms (>= 100 cattle) in Turkey. Survey responses were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test to determine attitudinal differences between respondents who self-reported docking tails or not docking their cattle. Using face-toface interviews of 210 respondents at 206 Turkish dairy farms was carried out. Tail docking procedures were practiced on 27.1% of the surveyed farms. At the time of the tail docking, 57.9% of cattle were less than 12 months of age. The most frequent tail docking method was amputation by rubber ring constriction (61.4%), with the following most common method being a surgical one (33.3%). The most preferred location for the tail docking was between the sixth and seventh coccygeal vertebrae (29.8%), followed by level with midudder (26.3%). The most common reasons given by respondents for docking tails were to increase hygiene (64.8%), the comfort of the workers (62.4%), and reduce the risk of mastitis (60.9%). The survey results of the present study indicated that, without clear regulations or laws, the tail docking of dairy cattle varies substantially with personal preference rather than scientific justification in Turkey. Technical staff and breeders should be educated and been aware of humane alternative methods (switch trimming) for tail docking in dairy cattle, and societal pressure and public perceptions considered about tail docking on Turkish dairy farms

Free-tissue transfers for reconstruction of oromandibular area in children

WOS: 000254103300004PubMed ID: 18220251Introduction: Currently, free-tissue transfers are commonly used for various reconstructive purposes in adults. However, there is a lack of large series of free flap reconstruction in children, especially for reconstruction of oromandibular defects. Our study aims to share our experience in free-flap reconstruction of some challenging pediatric cases. Materials and methods: Pediatric free-flap interventions (<18-year-old) that were performed between 2000 and 2006 in our clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Eighteen free-tissue transfers were performed in 17 pediatric cases. Epidemiologic data, etiology, defects, preferred free flaps, and results have been compared and analyzed. Results: A total of 17 patients (18 free flaps) were analyzed. Mean age was 10.4 years. The etiology was tumor in 11 cases, traffic accident in 5 cases, and gunshot in 1 case. Double-flap transfer was performed to one patient with a devastating shotgun wound and single flap transfers to others. A total of 8 osseous flaps, 7 osteocutaneous flaps, and 3 septocutaneous flaps were transferred. Total superficial flap necrosis was encountered in one flap (5.8%) while partial superficial necrosis was seen on two flaps (11.7%). Sixteen of the 17 cases reconstructed, including the three cases with complications, resulted in good functional and cosmetic outcome. One case was lost in the sixth postoperative month due to septisemia during chemotherapy. All the surviving 16 cases acquired bony fusion, mastication, and speech in addition to good cosmetic results. Conclusion: Pediatric free-tissue transfers are increasing due to the development of better equipment, finer surgical technique, and a better understanding of the unique characteristics of pediatric cases. In our opinion, high success rates with good cosmetic and functional results can be obtained if the specific requirements of the pediatric procedures are met. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc