Regeneration of biosensors.

<p>(A) Differential pulse voltammetry current signal response of (a) BS, biosensor (b) Comp-BS, biosensor towards complementary analyte 10⁻⁰⁶ M (c) R1, Regenerated biosensor after first heating cycle (d) Comp-R1,first regenerated biosensor towards complementary analyte 10⁻⁰⁶ M (e) R2, Regenerated biosensor after second heating cycle. (f) Comp-R2, second regenerated biosensor towards complementary analyte 10⁻⁰⁶ M. DPV currents were offset to 0 µA to allow comparison of results and all measuring solutions contain 1×, pH 7.2 PBS electrolyte solution. (B) Normalized DPV current signal response of biosensor, first regenerated and second regenerated biosensor towards identical complementary analyte 10⁻⁰⁶ M. Error bars correspond to standard deviations obtained from 3 consecutive DPV measurements.</p

Specificity and one base-pair mismatch DENV3 detection.

<p>Changes in normalized differential current signal of the biosensor probe towards 10⁻⁸ M 31-mer complementary target sequence (DENV 1) and single-base mismatch target sequence (DENV3) respectively. Error bars correspond to standard deviations obtained from 3 consecutive DPV measurements.</p

Sequences of the 183 bp target, two primers and the probe.

<p>Sequences of the 183 bp target, two primers and the probe.</p

Detection of real time PCR DNA sample derived from DENV1 genomic RNA.

<p>(A) Electrophoresis analysis of the 183 bp region of DENVI amplified using asymmetric PCR. (B) Normalized differential current signal response of biosensor towards this real time cDNA PCR sample of 10⁻¹¹, 10⁻¹⁰, 10⁻⁹ and 10⁻⁸ M, derived from DENV1 genomic sequence using asymmetric PCR. Error bars correspond to standard deviations obtained from 3 consecutive DPV measurements.</p

Complementary target detection and reproducibility.

<p>(A) Differential pulse voltammetry current signal response of (a) biosensor, (b) preconditioning of biosensor and towards increasing concentration of complementary target: (c) 10⁻¹²,(d) 10⁻¹⁰,(e) 10⁻⁰⁸ and (f)10⁻⁰⁶ M. DPV currents were offset to 0 µA to allow comparison of results and all measuring solutions contain 1×, pH 7.2 PBS electrolyte solution. (B) Averaged normalized current signal response best fitted linearly with log C of complementary target. Error bars and points represent average standard deviations derived from single biosensor with three consecutive measurements (C) Normalized DPV current signal response of different biosensors 1, 2 and 3 towards identical complementary analyte at 10⁻⁶ M concentration. Error bars correspond to standard deviations obtained from 3 consecutive DPV measurements.</p

Schematic.

<p>Scheme of construction and operation for nanoporous alumina membrane based DNA biosensor.</p

Data on Total Admissions and Opt Out Voluntary HIV Testing (January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010).

<p>Data on Total Admissions and Opt Out Voluntary HIV Testing (January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010).</p

Distribution of maximum AST values during hospitalization for those with AST<1000 U/L: WHO 2009 classifications.

<p>The 25^th and 75^th percentiles are represented by the lower and upper horizontal edges of the box, respectively, while the whiskers represent the 5^th and 95^th percentiles. The median is indicated by the horizontal line inside the box. WS = warning signs. AST = aspartate aminotransferase. U/L = units/liter.</p

AST and ALT distributions by WHO 1997 dengue classification.

<p>AST = aspartate aminotransferase.</p><p>ALT = alanine aminotransferase.</p><p>U/L = units/liter.</p><p>All values are expressed as median (interquartile range).</p

Reasons cited for opting out of HIV Screening Test.

*<p> <b>Other reasons cited include: fear of results, family objected, wants to resolve current medical illness first, deemed low risk.</b></p