PRESERVICE HISTORY AND SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF OUTDOOR HISTORY TEACHING

Creating positive attitude and behaviors in individuals towards the environment he/she lives in, outdoor teaching aims at bringing the individual together with unwritten evidences by making use of historical environment and resources when considered especially within the scope history and social studies teaching. Using relational screening model, this study aimed at investigating preservice history and social studies teachers’ perceptions of outdoor history teaching in terms of different variables. The participants were composed of 265 preservice teachers studying at two different universities in Turkey during 2016-2017 academic year. Outdoor History Teaching Perceptions Scale (OHTPS), which was developed by Yazıcı and Yıldırım (2017) and aimed at determining the teachers’/preservice teachers’ perceptions of outdoor history teaching, was used as the data collection tool. Within the framework of this study, preservice history and social studies teachers’ perceptions of outdoor history teaching were investigated in terms of gender, university, department, GPA, and appointment status after graduation. As a result of the study, it was found that preservice social studies teachers obtained higher scores from the subscales of outdoor history teaching awareness, knowledge, and competency, and from the complete scale than preservice history teachers.   Article visualizations

Effect of Pedagogical Formation Program on Pre-Service History Teachers’ Perceived Self-Efficacy

The purpose of the present study is to investigate pre-service history teachers’ perceived self-efficacy and the effect of pedagogical formation training on this perception. The study is based on a one-group pretest-posttest research design, which is a type of pre-experimental design. For the purpose of the study, in the first week of the formation training, the “Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale” developed by Tschannen-Moran and Hoy and adapted to Turkish by Capa, Cakiroglu and Sarikaya was administered as a pre-test to a group of 178 pre-service history teachers who underwent pedagogical formation training in 2016-2017 academic year in two different universities in Turkey. The same scale was administered again as a post-test at the end of the 28-week training. The study has found out that the pedagogical formation training did not make a significant difference in pre-service history teachers’ perceived self-efficacy except for the classroom management subscale, in which the self-efficacy scores of pre-service history teachers decreased after the pedagogical formation training

The effect of different irrigation levels on the oleuropein contents of olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Memecik) in the western coastal region of Turkey

In this study, the effect of different irrigation levels on oleuropein content of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Memecik) was researched in the Aegean Region during the crop season of 2007. Six different irrigation water levels of drip irrigation were tested using class A pan evaporation technique [I0 (kpc:0), I0.25 (kpc:0.25), I0.50 (kpc:0.50), I0.75 (kpc:0.75), I1.00 (kpc:1.00) and I1.25 (kpc:1.25)]. Oleuropein contents of olive leaves were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Olive leaves showed considerable contents of oleuropein (16.25 ± 0.25%) collected from waterless regime applied trees during summer period. In the same regime, contents of oleuropein were decreased depending upon the increasing irrigation regimes: 0.25 (10.28 ± 0.13%); 0.50 (2.19 ± 0.12%); 0.75 (1.43 ± 0.03%); 1.00 (0.09 ± 0.05%), although in winter period, contents of oleuropein were approximately stable as 0.55 ± 0.01% in waterless regime (rain-fed olives), equal in 0.25 (0.25 ± 0.04%) and 0.50 (0.25 ± 0.01%), in 0.75 (0.21 ± 0.01%), 1.00 (0.16 ± 0.02%) and (0.14 ± 0.03%) in 1.25 irrigation regimes. Contents of oleuropein was observed to be increased inversely proportional with increased irrigation regimes in autumn period. The oleuropein values were 1.21 ± 0.01% in waterless, 0.76 ± 0.01% in 0.25 irrigation, 0.45 ± 0.03% in 0.50 irrigation, 0.44 ± 0.03% in 0.75 irrigation, 0.33 ± 0.01% in 1.00 irrigation and 0.25 ± 0.02% in 1.25 irrigation regimes. No important increase or decrease between contents of oleuropein depending upon the gradually increased irrigation regimes was observe in spring period [in waterless regime (0.51 ± 0.05%), 0.25 irrigation (0.39 ± 0.04%); 0.50 irrigation (0.38 ± 0.14%); 0.75 irrigation (0.11 ± 0.01%); 1.00 irrigation (0.55 ± 0.04%); and 1.25 irrigation (0.79 ± 0.06%)]. Statistically important increases in oleuropein contents were in inverse proportion with the exponential irrigation regimes.Key words: Olea europaea L., olive leaves, oleuropein, irrigation, seasonal variation

THE EFFECTS OF BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS OF ATHLETES

Introduction and Aim: Psychological skills are one of the determining factors in an individual's sportive performance. The psychology of the athlete before, during and after the competition directly affects his or her performance in the competition. According to the theory of self- determination, satisfying the individual's basic psychological needs is necessary for individual growth, integration, development, mental health and wellbeing. It has become necessary to conduct a research on how effective the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in the development of psychological skills affecting the performance of the athlete during the competition can be achieved by going out of this theoretical way. In this context, it is aimed at investigating the effect of basic psychological needs on psychological skills of athletes.Method: A total of 150 athletes, 39 females and 111 males, participated in the research in various sports branches. “Assessment of Psychological Skills by Athletes Inventory” and “Basic Psychological Needs Inventory” have been conducted to athletes. Descriptive statistical analysis, t test, ANOVA and linear regression analysis have been used in the analysis of the data. Findings: As a result of the analyses, there is no significant difference on the gender basis according to the scores obtained from the “Assessment of Psychological Skills by Athletes Inventory”, while there is a significant difference in favor of the national athletes in terms of being national athletes (p=.004). Additionally, a linear regression analysis has been conducted to designate the extent to which the psychological needs of the athletes explain their psychological skills. According to the results, the basic psychological needs explains 22.1% of the total variance related to the psychological skills of the athletes (β=.479, t=6.629, p=.000). Result: Accordingly, it can be said that satisfying basic psychological needs will contribute to the development of basic psychological skills.  Article visualizations

Modified autologous transobturator tape surgery — evaluation of short term results

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term outcomes of our modified autologous transobturator tape(aTOT) technique with rectus abdominis muscle fascial graft for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Material and methods: The data of 22 patients who underwent modified aTOT were recorded. Perioperative data regardingoperative time, complications and postoperative visual analogue scores were noted. Patients were assessed 18 monthsafter surgery. The primary endpoints of this study were the improvements in the International Consultation on IncontinenceQuestionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) subscores, one-hour pad test and cough stress testrates as an objective cure as well as the improvements in the PGI-I and ICIQ-FLUTS quality of life scores as a subjective cure.Results: Mean age and the mean follow-up period were 51.7 ± 9.8 years and 20.1 ± 0.9 months, respectively. Urethralhypermobility and a positive cough stress test were detected in all the patients. Mean operative time was 43.8 ± 8.1 min.and the overall complication rate was 9%. Mean VAS scores at postoperative 24 hours were 2.6 ± 1.2. At the postoperativeeighteenth month, no patient had a positive cough test and mean PGI-I score was 2 while two patients had moderateurinary incontinence according to the pad test. Pad test results, ICIQ subscores of voiding QoL, incontinence, incontinenceQoL, total score and total QoL score at baseline and eighteen months after surgery were 76.9 ± 19.9, 9.6 ± 4.1, 15.5 ± 4.0,39.5 ± 7.9, 27.9 ± 6.6, 68.4 ± 13.8 and 7.1 ± 2, 10.1 ± 2.4, 6.6 ± 2.1, 13.4 ± 4.5, 20.4 ± 4.8, 39.7 ± 9.2 respectively (p = 0.001,p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively)Conclusions: Modified aTOT is an effective and safe method with low morbidity for SUI treatment in short term

Our Surgical Approach and Management Results in Renal Tumors

Objective:Surgery is the gold standard therapy method in renal tumors. Renal tumor surgery can be performed as open radical nephrectomy, open partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this research, it was aimed to evaluate the renal tumor surgery techniques in our clinic and the oncologic data obtained from the patients.Material and Method:A total of 92 patients with a radiologically proven renal mass were underwent surgery between July 2011 and January 2018. The clinical, oncological and pathological results of these patients are evaluated according to their surgical approach retrospectively. The obtained data were evaluated according to the surgical technique.Results:The patients who have renal mass underwent partial nephrectomy (n:39), radical nephrectomy (n:38), laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (n:14) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy( n:1). The most common pathologic tumor type is clear cell carcinoma (n: 56), the most common T stage is T1b (n: 39) and the most common tumor grade is Fuhrman grade 2 (n:34). Average tumor mass size of open partial nephrectomy patients are 3,3±1,8 cm, significantly smaller than the radical surgeries (p0,05).Conclusion:Surgery is still the best type of oncological treatment in renal tumors. Partial and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has similar oncologic results with open radical nephrectomy in selected cases. Kidney tumor surgery results in our clinic have similar characteristics with the literature

Evaluation of left ventricular systolic asynchrony in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Background: The heart was very sensitive to fluctuating thyroid hormone levels. To assess intra-left ventricular (LV) systolic asynchrony in patients with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Methods: Fifty patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 40 controls were included. A diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism was reached with increased TSH and normal free T4. All subjects were evaluated by echocardiography. Evaluation of intra-LV systolic asynchrony was performed by tissue synchronization imaging (TSI), and four TSI parameters of systolic asynchrony were calculated. LV asynchrony was defined by these parameters. Results: All of the groups were similar in terms of demographic findings and conventional and Doppler echocardiograpic parameters except peak systolic velocity and early diastolic velocity. LV systolic asynchrony parameters of TSI including; standard deviation of Ts of the 12 LV segments (Ts-SD-12), maximal difference in Ts between any 2 of the 12 LV segments (Ts-12), standard deviation of TS of the 6 basal LV segments (Ts-SD-6), maximal difference in Ts between any of the 6 basal LV segments (Ts-6) were significantly lengthened in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of LV asynchrony was significantly higher in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than control. Conclusions: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism present evidence of LV asynchrony by TSI. LV systolic asynchrony could be a warning sign of the early stage in cardiac systolic dysfunction in subclinical hypothyroid patients

Dispersive Surface Energy and Acid-Base Parameters of Tosylate Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) via Inverse Gas Chromatography

An inverse gas chromatographic (IGC) study of the sorption properties of poly(ethylene glycol) modified with tosylate (PEG-TOS) was presented. PEG-TOS was synthesized via the tosylation of the corresponding poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the basic medium. The synthesized PEG-Tos was characterized by FTIR-ATR and 1HNMR techniques. The retention diagrams of n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and ethanol on the PEG and PEG-Tos were plotted at temperatures in K between 303 and 373 by inverse gas chromatography technique. The dispersive component of the surface-free energy, γSD, of studied adsorbent surface was estimated using retention times of different nonpolar organics in the infinite dilution region. Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption (free energy, ΔGAS, enthalpy, ΔHAS, and entropy, ΔSAS), dispersive components of the surface energies, γSD, and the acid, KA, and base, KD, constants for the PEG and PEG-Tos were calculated and the results were discussed

Korelacja odsetka hemoglobiny glikowanej z ciężkością choroby wieńcowej występująca u młodych osób niezależnie od tradycyjnych czynników ryzyka

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in < 40 years old patients. Material and methods: The study population consisted of 211 premature coronary atherosclerotic patients (pCAP) (aged 36.4 &#177; 2.5 years) and 160 control subjects (36.4 &#177; 2.4 years). The severity of CAD was evaluated by the Gensini scoring system. HbA1c levels and the other basic biochemical parameters were analysed, and relations with severity of CAD were evaluated. Results: There were statistically significant differences in serum HbA1c levels between the two groups (pCAP = 6.1 &#177; 1.8%, control = 4.7 &#177; 1.2%, p < 0.001). HbA1c levels significantly positively correlated with the Gensini score in pCAP (r = 0.662, p < 0.001). In linear multivariate regression analysis (including age, sex, HbA1c, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension as dependent parameters), only HbA1c was found to be an independent risk factor for the presence of severe CAD (Beta = 0.374, p < 0.001). In ROC curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of HbA1c to predict severe CAD was 6.52%, with 74.4% sensitivity and 75.1% specificity (area under the curve 0.781, 95% confidence interval 0.661 to 0.901, p < 0.001). Conclusions: HbA1c levels were found to be correlated with the Gensini score in pCAP with and without diabetes. In this respect, glucose metabolism abnormalities, indicated by HbA1c, may play an important role in premature CAD. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (5): 367-371)Wstęp: Niniejsze badanie przeprowadzono w celu oceny zależności między odsetkiem hemoglobiny glikowanej (HbA1c) a ciężkością choroby wieńcowej (CAD) u chorych w wieku < 40 lat. Materiał i metody: Badana populacja składała się z 211 chorych z przedwczesną miażdżycą tętnic wieńcowych (pCAP) (w wieku 36,4 &#177; 2,5 roku) i 160 osób stanowiących grupę kontrolną (36,4 &#177; 2,4 roku). Ciężkość CAD określano na podstawie wartości wskaźnika Gensiniego. Przeanalizowano odsetek HbA1c oraz inne wyjściowe parametry biochemiczne i oceniono ich zależności z ciężkością CAD. Wyniki: Stwierdzono statystycznie istotne różnice między grupami w zakresie stężeń HbA1c w surowicy (pCAP = 6,1 &#177; 1,8%, grupa kontrolna = 4,7 &#177; 1,2%; p < 0,001). Wartości HbA1c były istotnie skorelowane z wartościami wskaźnika Gensiniego u chorych z pCAP (r = 0,662; p < 0,001). W wieloczynnikowej analizie regresji liniowej (w której uwzględniono wiek, płeć, stężenie HbA1c, palenie tytoniu, cukrzycę i nadciśnienie tętnicze jako zmienne zależne) jedynie stężenie HbA1c okazało się niezależnym czynnikiem ryzyka wskazującym na występowanie ciężkiej CAD (Beta = 0,374; p < 0,001). Jak wykazano w analizie krzywych ROC, optymalny punkt odcięcia wartości HbA1c pozwalający prognozować ciężką CAD wynosi 6,52%, przy czułości metody 74,4% i swoistości 75,1% (pole pod krzywą 0,781, 95-proc. przedział ufności 0,661&#8211;0,901; p < 0,001). Wnioski: U osób z pCAP, zarówno chorych na cukrzycę, jak i bez tej choroby, stwierdzono korelacje między wartościami HbA1c i wskaźnikiem Gensiniego. Jak wynika z powyższych obserwacji, zaburzenia metabolizmu glukozy, których wyznacznikiem jest odsetek HbA1c, mogą odgrywać ważną rolę w rozwoju przedwczesnej CAD. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (5): 367-371

Evaluation of left atrial mechanical functions and atrial conduction abnormalities in patients with clinical hypothyroid

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate left atrial (LA) mechanical functions, atrial electromechanical delay and P wave dispersion in hypothyroid patients. Methods: Thirty-four patients with overt hypothyroid and thirty controls were included. A diagnosis of overt hypothyroid was reached with increased serum TSH and decreased free T4 (fT4) levels. LA volumes were measured using the biplane area length method and LA active and passive emptying volumes and fraction were calculated. Intra- and interatrial electromechanical delay (EMD) were measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). P wave dispersion was calculated by 12 lead electrocardiograms. Results: LA diameter were significantly higher in patients with overt hypothyroid (p = 0.021). LA passive emptying volume and LA passive emptying fraction were significantly decreased with hypothyroid patients (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). LA active emptying volume and LA active emptying fraction were significantly increased with hypothyroid patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Intra- and interatrial EMD, were measured significantly higher in hypothyroid patients (30.6 &#177; 6.1 vs 18.0 &#177; 2.7, p < 0.001; and 10.6 &#177; 3.4 vs 6.9 &#177; 1.4, p < 0.001, respectively). P wave dispersion were significantly higher in hypothyroid patients (48.8 &#177; 6.2 vs 44.3 &#177; 7.2, p = 0.022). In stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that, interatrial EMD and LA active emptying fraction related with TSH and fT4. Conclusions: This study showed that impaired LA mechanical and electromechanical function in hypothyroid patients. TSH and T4 were independent determinant of interatrial EMD and LA active emptying fraction