Comparison of Bacterial Load Parameters in Subgingival Plaque during Peri-implantitis and Periodontitis Using the RT-PCR Method

Svrha rada: Željelo se procijeniti stvarne parametre bakterijskog opterećenja u subgingivnom plaku metodom RT-PCR (lančanom reakcijom polimeraze u stvarnom vremenu) u slučaju parodontitisa i periimplantitisa te njihovu povezanost s kliničkim parodontološkim pokazateljima. Materijali i metode: Prema postavljenom studijskom dizajnu složeno je pet skupina ispitanika – s blagim/umjerenim parodontitisom, s teškim parodontitisom, s periimplantitisom, zdravim parodontom i zdravim periimplantatnim tkivom. Uzorci subgingivnog plaka uzeti su papirnatim štapićima koji su 30 sekunda bili umetnuti u džep/sulkus. Proveden je standardni test ParodontoScreen za identifikaciju ciljnih oportunističkih patogena (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia, T. denticola) RT-PCR metodom. Rezultati: Parametri bakterijskog opterećenja pokazali su značajnu tendenciju porasta pri progresiji parodontitisa i periimplantitisa. Univarijantnom analizom svaka ciljna srednja razina bakterijskog opterećenja statistički je bila povezana s parodontitisom ili periimplantitisom (p < 0,05) kada su parametri bakterijskog opterećenja na zdravim mjestima korišteni kao referentni podatci. Najveće korelacijske vrijednosti ustanovljene su između parametara dubine sondiranja i bakterijskog opterećenja bakterijama A. actinomycetemcomitans (r = 0,37; p < 0,05) i P. gingivalis (r = 0,28; p < 0,05) te također između gubitka kliničkog pričvrstka i bakterijskog opterećenja bakterijama A. actinomycetemcomitans (r = 0,38; p < 0,05) i P. gingivalis (r = 0,24; p < 0,05). Zaključak: Parodontitis i periimplantitis povezani su s istim mikrobnim patogenima, iako su se obrasci distribucije bakterijskog opterećenja i parametri zabilježeni s pomoću RT-PCR-a mogli razlikovati i povezati s individualnim stanjima povezanima s pacijentima i uznapredovalošću patologije.Objective: To estimate the actual parameters of bacterial load in subgingival plaque during periodontitis and peri-implantitis pathologies using the RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) method and evaluate their associations with clinical periodontal indicators. Materials and Methods: Five different groups of subjects were selected according to a formulated design of the study: with mild/moderate periodontitis, with severe periodontitis, with peri-implantitis, healthy periodontal group and healthy peri-implant group. Subgingival plaque samples were formed with paper points inserted in the pocket/sulcus area for 30 seconds. A standardized test the “ParodontoScreen” was provided for identification of target opportunistic pathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia, T. denticola) by the RT-PCR. Results: Bacterial load parameters demonstrated a significant tendency towards an increase within periodontitis progression and during the presence of peri-implantitis pathology. Each targeted mean bacterial load level was statistically associated with periodontitis or peri-implantitis pathology (p < 0, 05) according to the provided univariate analyses and upon condition that bacterial load parameters of healthy sites were used as reference for equiparation. The highest correlation values were found between periodontal probing depth and bacterial load parameters of A. actinomycetemcomitans (r=0, 37; p < 0, 05) and P. gingivalis (r=0, 28; p < 0, 05); and also between clinical attachment loss and bacterial load values of A. actinomycetemcomitans (r=0, 38; p < 0, 05) and P. gingivalis (r=0, 24; p < 0, 05). Conclusions: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are associated with the same microbial pathogens even though the distribution pattern of their bacterial load and detection frequency parameters registered with RT-PCR could be distinct and linked to the individual patient-related conditions and the severity stage of pathology

POST-TRAUMA ROOT FRACTURE IN TEETH WITH INCOMPLETE ROOT DEVELOPMENT: A CASE REPORT

  Objective: Oblique root fractures consist of multiple, angled fracture lines extending from the root canal to the periodontal membrane along the long axis of the tooth. Oblique root fractures are injuries with poor prognosis which are rarely observed in teeth in which the root development is complete.Methods: A clinical and radiological inspection was performed of an eight-year-old patient who presented at our clinic for dental trauma. Luxation and oblique sectional root fractures in the maxillary incisors were found. The patient's root development was incomplete. He was treated with dental reposition. Fixation to the adjacent primary canine teeth was carried out using a 0.4 mm full circle orthodontic wire for fractured teeth with a semi-rigid splint. Stabilization of the teeth was ensured to protect the vitality of the fractured teeth. A splint was inserted under local anaesthesia and removed a month later.Results: The absence of pathological symptoms was determined radiologically and clinically. It was shown during a radiological examination of the patient a year later that root development inthe teeth with a root fracture had continued. There were no pathological complications.Conclusion: The current study finding of high recovery potential in young permanent teeth with root fracture is supported by those of other studies in the literature. Recovery in this case was successful because the patient presented timeously at the clinic after the trauma, there was a lack of infection, and the splint was only in situ for a month

Examining Spacecraft Spaces: The Case of the “Passengers” Movie

When the space is considered visually, it is most associated with the cinema. The fictional space is an integral part of cinema and offers designers a great experience. Space-themed movies, which are impressive and popular today, are one of the most effective tools in portraying future scenarios. In space-themed movies with scenarios about the future, designers make researches in terms of interior and furniture use and reveal products with future predictions. In these fictional spaces, furniture often comes to the fore to emphasize and support time-space. Therefore, it is observed that space and furniture designs in space-themed movies about the future are in a different dimension from today in terms of comfort, ergonomics and design understanding. In this study, "Passengers", one of the newest space-themed movie, was chosen as the subject of study. The aim of the study is to reveal the futuristic design approach in space and furniture designs in space-themed movies. The fictional spaces in the film are handled in two different categories as social and individual spaces. These spaces were examined in terms of design-function through the movie visuals and evaluated together with the future scenario of the movie. Fictional spaces and furniture are examined from an ergonomic point of view, and the place of space and furniture design in the universe of the movie is emphasized

EFFICACY OF MOUTH RINSE FORMULATION BASED ON CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE 0.1% IN THE CONTROL OF DENTAL CALCULUS BUILDUP

Objective: This study aimed at comparing the antiplaque, anticalculus, and antigingivitis potentials of a mouth rinse containing essential oil, alcohol,zinc, and fluoride with a mouth rinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) 0.1% over 1-, 2-, and 3-month periods.Methods: This study was a double-blind, parallel randomized clinical trial with a 3-day run-in phase. Respondents were asked to gargle twice dailywith 15 ml of mouth rinse for 30 seconds after brushing teeth. Respondents were 80 females with a mean age of 21 years, and a single dental examinerwas employed throughout the study to decrease the variance. Prophylaxis was performed for all respondents before the intervention. Three mouthrinses were tested: Group 1 with the mouth rinse containing CPC 0.1%, Group 2 as the negative control, and Group 3 as the positive control with amouth rinse containing alcohol. Evaluations were conducted by plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, and CariScreen examinations.Results: The clinical trial showed that the mouth rinse with alcohol and the mouth rinse containing CPC 0.1% were effective in inhibiting bacterialbuildup (antiplaque) and have anticalculus properties, but with no statistically significant antigingivitis effect.Conclusion: It was found that the mouth rinse containing alcohol has similar effectiveness with CPC 0.1% mouth rinse, but side effects, such as aburning sensation, were reported in the alcohol-containing mouth rinse

A new method: measurement of microleakage volume using human, dog and bovine permanent teeth

This study investigates the feasibility of a different new approach to determining the microleakage volume associated with dental restorations (Class V cavity restorated with glass ionomer cement + high copper amalgam) and the relative marginal adaptation deficiency of dog, bovine and human permanent teeth in in vitro conditions. Also researched is the appropriateness of using dog and bovine teeth in in vitro studies rather than human teeth. Our method utilizes the molecular adsorption characteristics of methylene blue. Within the framework of this study, 60 permanent teeth (20 human, 20 dogs and 20 bovine) were used. These groups were evaluated statistically, of which indicated no statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05). It was also concluded that this preliminary investigation showed that the new microleakage volume measurement method may be a valuable new technique for the in vitro study of microleakage dynamics around dental restorations

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR DENTAL PATHOLOGIES PREVALENCE AMONG CHILDREN OF TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF THE STUDIED CLINICAL SAMPLE AND PRELIMINARY PERFORMED DENTAL RESEARCH

Taking into account the presence of pre-conducted epidemiological studies on the territory of Transcarpathian region devoted to the question of major dental pathologies prevalence among children, it is advisable to systematize and compare their results with each other, as well as with data obtained during a specifically formed study sample of children and adolescents. The aim of the study – to provide a comparative analysis of the major dental pathologies prevalence among children of Transcarpathian region according to the data of the studied clinical sample and preliminary performed dental populational studies. Materials and Methods. For the realization of the formulated research objective, a retrospective analysis of medical records and a dental examination of 411 children and adolescents were provided on the base of University Dental Clinic (Uzhhorod National University). Categorization of patients was provided due to their age-related passport indices with the formation and distribution of subgroups with a 1-year difference. Google Scholar search form (http://scholar.google.com) was used with its advanced features for the systematization of previously conducted studies aimed at registration of major dental pathologies among children of Transcarpathian region. The following sets of words «dental disease», «children» and «Transcarpathian region» were used as header operators in various combinations, each resulting for the set of academic papers on relevant topics, that were subsequently subject to content analysis. Results and Discussion. The average caries prevalence among studied clinical sample of 411 pediatric patients in the age range of 6.0–15.9 years was 73.2 % (included in the range of results provided by pre-conducted epidemiological studies), the average teeth crowding prevalence in the age range of 6.0–15.9 years was 18.82 % (below the range of results provided by pre-conducted epidemiological studies), the average dystopia prevalence in the age range of 6.0–15.9 years was 14.69 % (included in the range of results provided by pre-conducted epidemiological studies), the average primary edentulism prevalence in the age range of 6.0–15.9 years was 2.31 % (included in the range of results provided by pre-conducted epidemiological studies), the average super numerary teeth prevalence in the age range of 6.0–15.9 years was 0.82 % (included in the range of results provided by pre-conducted epidemiological studies), the average delay in teeth eruption prevalence in the age range of 6–15.9 years was noted in 8.65 % of clinical cases (included in the range of results provided by pre-conducted epidemiological studies). Conclusions. Thus, in the course of this phase of study, which was aimed to provide comparative analysis of the major dental pathologies prevalence among children and adolescents, and was conducted through a retrospective review of medical documentation and examination of 411 dental pediatric patients, it was found that the established prevalence of different pathologies does not statistically differ from the indicators, which were given in previous epidemiological studies. The small absolute difference of the indicators can be justified by the discrepancy in the size of samples being studied, the analysis of the certain pathologies prevalence outside Transcarpathian regions, the discrepancy in age categorization given in various studies, the researches of the stomatological status of the children's population living in different regions of Transcarpathia

An evaluation of clinical, radiological and three-dimensional dental tomography findings in ectodermal dysplasia cases

Background:This study aimed to review the results related to head and jaw disorders in cases of ectodermal dysplasia. The evaluation of ectodermal dysplasia cases was made by clincal examination and examination of the jaw and facial areas radiologically and on cone-beam 3-dimensional dental tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: In the 36 cases evaluated in the study, typical clinical findings of pure hypohidrotic ectodermal displasia (HED) were seen, such as missing teeth, dry skin, hair and nail disorders. CBCT images were obtained from 12 of the 36 cases, aged 1.5- 45 years, and orthodontic analyses were made on these images. Results: The clinical and radiological evaluations determined, hypodontia or oligodontia, breathing problems, sweating problems, a history of fever, sparse hair, saddle nose, skin peeling, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, finger and nail deformities, conical teeth anomalies, abnormal tooth root formation, tooth resorption in the root, gingivitis, history of epilepsy, absent lachrymal canals and vision problems in the cases which included to the study. Conclusions: Ectodermal dysplasia cases have a particular place in dentistry and require a professional, multi- disciplinary approach in respect of the chewing function, orthognathic problems, growth, oral and dental health. It has been understood that with data obtained from modern technologies such as three-dimensional dental tomography and the treatments applied, the quality of life of these cases can be improved

Вплив фактора конфігурації порожнини зуба на прогноз функціонування композитної реставрації

The development of the cavity configuration factor was substantiated by the necessity of quantifying the ratio of polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress indicators in accordance with the peculiarities of the geometry of prepared carious defect. However, according to various studies, the level of distribution of polymerization stress more strongly depends on the absolute sizes of the investigated restoration samples, and not directly on the C-factor, however, it has not been adequately evidently interpreted from the point of view of the clinical significance for the obtained results. The aim of the study. To analyze the effect of the configuration factor of the prepared cavity on the success of the direct restorations function in the process of developing a model of predictive assessment of stress distribution at the interface of composite material and tooth tissues. Materials and methods. Google Scholar search form (http://scholar.google.com) was used with its advanced features for realization of study objective. The following sets of words «C-factor», «dental cavity configuration», «cavity geometry», «direct restoration», and «composite restoration» were used as header operators in various combinations, each resulting for the search of keywords combination represented as a set of academic papers on relevant topics, that were subsequently subject to content analysis. Results and discussion. Based on the literature data, the reduction of shrinkage stress was confirmed with the growth of the quantitative index of the C-factor and a decrease in the predictive index of the success of composite restoration represeted the similar trend. The C-factor in the range of 0,3-2,3 is not extremely critical in terms of the risk of microleakage formation between the composite and the tooth, as compared to indicators of the C-factor approaching 3,0. Conclusions. The further development of a complex model of finite elements with the representation in its structure elements of a different density (in particular, enamels, dentin, various composites) and the corresponding mathematical argumentation of the polymerization shrinkage and stress vectors, will allow to objectivize the cumulative effect of the C-factor on the success of the composite restoration function, proceeding from the poly-directional stresses at the bonding interface of the composite material and tooth tissues interface.Разработка параметра конфигурации полости была обоснована необходимостью квантификации соотношения показателей полимеризационной усадки и полимеризационного стресса в соответствии с особенностями геометрии отпрепарованного кариозного дефекта. Однако по данным различных исследований, уровень распределения полимеризационного стресса более выражено зависит от абсолютных размеров исследуемых образцов реставраций, а не непосредственно от показателя С-фактора, что однако не было в достаточной мере доказательно интерпретировано с точки зрения клинической значимости полученных результатов. Цель исследования – проанализировать влияние фактора конфигурации отпрепарированной полости на успешность функционирования прямых реставраций в процессе разработки модели прогностической оценки распределения напряжений на границе интерфейса композитного материала и тканей зуба. Материалы и методы. Для проведения поиска использовалась форма поиска Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com) с применением ее расширенных функций. В результате использования операторов «поиск по фразе» и «в заголовке» были сформированы следующие наборы ключевых слов «С-factor», «dental cavity configuration», «cavity geometry», «direct restoration», «composite restoration», которые применялись в различных комбинациях. Каждый полученный результат поиска по комбинации ключевых слов представлял собой набор академических работ соответствующей тематики, которые в дальнейшем подлежали контент-анализа. Результаты исследований и их обсуждение. Исходя из приведенных литературных даннях, был подтвержден факт уменьшения уровня усадочного стресса при росте количественного показателя С-фактора и снижение прогностического показателя успешности композитной реставрации при аналогичной тенденции. Показатели С-фактора в диапазоне 0,3–2,3 не являются предельно критическими с точки зрения риска формирования микрозазора между композитом и стенкой зуба по сравнению с показателями С-фактора, приближающихся к 3,0. Выводы. Дальнейшая разработка сложной модели конечных элементов с репрезентацией в ее структуре элементов различной плотности (в частности эмали, дентина, различных композитных и прокладочных материалов) и соответствующей математической аргументацией векторов полимеризационной усадки и стресса, позволит объективизировать кумулятивное воздействие показателя С-фактора на успешность функционирования композитной реставрации, исходя из полинаправлености напряжений на границе бондингового интерфейса композитного материала и тканей зуба.Розробка параметра конфігурації порожнини була обґрунтована потребою квантифікації співвідношення показників полімеризаційної усадки та полімеризаційного стресу відповідно до особливостей геометрії відпрепарованого каріозного дефекту. Однак за даними різних досліджень, рівень розподілу полімеризаційного стресу вираженіше залежить від абсолютних розмірів досліджуваних зразків реставрацій, а не безпосередньо від показника С-фактора, що проте не було достатньою мірою доказово інтерпретовано з точки зору клінічної значимості отриманих результатів. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати вплив фактора конфігурації відпрепарованої порожнини на успішність функціонування прямих реставрацій у процесі розробки моделі прогностичної оцінки розподілу напруг на межі інтерфейсу композитного матеріалу та тканин зуба. Матеріали і методи. Для&nbsp;проведення&nbsp;пошуку&nbsp;використовували форму пошуку Google&nbsp;Scholar (http://scholar.google.com) із застосуванням її розширених функцій. У результаті застосування операторів «пошук за фразою» та «в заголовку» були сформовані наступні набори ключових слів «С-factor», «dental cavity configuration», «cavity geometry», «direct restoration», «composite restoration», які використовували у різних комбінаціях. Кожен отриманий результат пошуку за комбінацією ключових слів являв собою набір академічних робіт відповідної тематики, які в подальшому підлягали контент-аналізу. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Виходячи із наведених літературних даних, було підтверджено, що зменшення рівня усадкового стресу при зростанні кількісного показника С-фактора та зниження прогностичного показника успішності композитної реставрації при аналогічній тенденції. Показники С-фактору у діапазоні 0,3–2,3 не є гранично критичними з точки зору ризику формування мікропроміжку між композитом та стінкою зуба порівняно із показниками С-фактора, що наближаються до 3,0. Висновки. Подальша розробка складної моделі скінчених елементів із репрезентацією у її структурі елементів різної щільності (зокрема емалі, дентину, різних композитних та прокладочних матеріалів) та відповідною математичною аргументацією векторів полімеризаційної усадки та стресу, дозволить об’єктивізувати кумулятивний вплив показника С-фактора на успішність функціонування композитної реставрації, виходячи із полінаправленості напруг на межі бондингового інтерфейсу композитного матеріалу та тканин зуба

Efficacy test of a toothpaste in reducing extrinsic dental stain

This clinical trial compared the external dental stain reduction achieved by tested toothpaste versus placebo in adult patients. In this double-blind, parallel, randomised clinical trial, 45 female volunteers with a mean age of 20 years old were included. All study subjects front teeth were topically applicated with Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) to create external dental stains. Subjects were randomized into test (n=22) and control (n=23) groups. Toothpastes were used for two days to analyse the effects of removing external stains on the labial surfaces of all anterior teeth. VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 was used to measure dental extrinsic stains changes. The analysis showed statistically significant efficacy of the tested toothpaste in reducing external dental stain caused by SDF, comparing to the placebo toothpaste, after one and two days of usage. The tested toothpaste was effective in reducing dental stain