Comparison between achalasia (left) and non-achalasia (right) patients using indigocarmine and NBI.

<p>Comparison between achalasia (left) and non-achalasia (right) patients using indigocarmine and NBI.</p

PSP change before and 3 months after POEM.

<p>(a) Conventional white light observation before POEM. Minute whitish stripe is observed on the surface of mucosa. (b) White light with indigocarmine dye. Indigocarmine emphasizes the mucosal pattern. (c) Conventional white light observation 3 months after POEM. Minute stripe was nearly disappeared. (d) Chromoendoscopy image 3 months after POEM. Minute stripe was decreased.</p

Typical findings of primary esophageal achalasia.

<p>(a) Dilation of the esophagus. Dilated esophagus drooped to both sides of the spine. (b) Food remnant in the esophagus. (c) Whitish coating of the mucosa caused by adhesion of the remained food inside of the esophagus and thickening of the mucosa. (d) Functional stenosis of the esophago-gastric junction. Endoscope passes through the tight segment with some resistance. (e) Abnormal contraction of the esophagus. Simultaneous contraction is clearly observed.</p

Clinical features of the patients diagnosed with esophageal achalasia.

<p>LESP, lower esophageal sphincter pressure</p><p>med, median.</p><p>Clinical features of the patients diagnosed with esophageal achalasia.</p

Prevalence of the endoscopic findings in patients diagnosed with esophageal achalasia.

<p>EGJ, esophago-gastric junction.</p><p>Prevalence of the endoscopic findings in patients diagnosed with esophageal achalasia.</p

Inter-observer agreement level for each finding in patients with esophageal achalasia.

<p>Inter-observer agreement level for each finding in patients with esophageal achalasia.</p