Gender Contribution in Household Management of Water and its Impact on Residents of Dholak Basti (Slum) in Haldwani City of India

The paper explores water and gender sensitivity in one of the slum areas of Haldwani City, one of the fastest growing and least studied cities of Uttarakhand. The study is intended to contextualise the analysis of household water management and role of gender with respect to water management in the city. First, a city-wide ward wise analysis was conducted to identify wards with low socio-economic profile and high illiteracy based on Census of India, 2011 data and analysed spatially in Geographical Information System (GIS). The spatial analysis was followed by primary surveys in one of the identified wards and statistical data analysis. The results point out that lower social strata are not sufficiently covered by municipal water supply systems and women play a major role in household water management. Children are the worst affected by water-borne diseases in comparison to adults; this is in contrast to earlier studies where adult males were found more prone to water related diseases in comparison to females. Strategic interventions were worked out to find possible solutions related to health concerns and equitable water accessibility

Role of serum anti mullerian hormone as a predictor for miscarriage

Background: Recurrent Miscarriage is defined as three or more failed clinical pregnancies at less than 20 weeks of gestation or fetal weight less than 500 grams that ends spontaneously. Ovarian reserve demonstrates reproductive potential and includes FSH, estradiol, inhibin B, and S. AMH levels. Women with very low AMH levels may have altered folliculogenesis that may influence early implantation to increase the risk of miscarriage. This study aimed to determine the serum AMH levels in patients with recurrent miscarriage and pregnancy outcomes in low (3.5 ng/ml) AMH groups and to evaluate the role of serum ovarian biomarkers in prediction of miscarriages.Methods: This was a case-control study conducted over a time period of 1 year, on 120 women attending the antenatal clinic in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, Prayagraj. The patients were divided into two groups, Group 1 (n=80) included women with previous history of abortions and Group 2 (n=40) included women with no history of abortions. S. AMH levels were analyzed and compared in both the groups.Results: In the present study, a significant negative correlation was seen between S. AMH and rate of miscarriages (p <0.05). Low AMH values were observed in patients with history of previous pregnancy loss.Conclusions: Diminished ovarian reserve contributes to recurrent pregnancy loss and should be considered part of the work-up for RPL. AMH levels in recurrent miscarriage patients were lower than those in a normal population

Maternal mortality assessment in a tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Objective of this study was to calculate the maternal mortality rate in our hospital and to assess the epidemiological aspects and causes of maternal mortality to further analyse ways to reduce the maternal mortality rate (MMR).Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study done in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, MLN Medical College and District Women Hospital, Prayagraj over a time period of 10 years i.e., October 2009 to October 2019. Retrospective analysis and evaluation of the medical records and statistics was done to find out and collect specific causes of maternal deaths in the give time period.Results: There were 357 maternal deaths from October 2009 to October 2019. Maternal mortality rate in the study was calculated to be 498.42 per 1 lakh live births. Maximum deaths were in 21-30 years age group with multipara, unbooked and illiterate cases. Majority of the deaths reported were from direct causes of maternal mortality i.e., hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders and sepsis.Conclusions: In the selected hospitals, the mean maternal mortality rate in the study period was 498.42/100000 births. 71.4% had direct cause and 21.56% had indirect cause of maternal mortality several factors like regular antenatal visits, early identification of high-risk cases, timely referral, institutional deliveries, adequate post-partum care and follow-up can contribute to decrease the maternal mortality rate effectively

Extraction and Characterization of Microplastics from Organic Solid Matrices and their Remediation

Plastics have become an essential commodity due to their superior engineering properties, durability and low cost to be used by a wide range of commercial products. However, the degradation of plastics due to mechanical, chemical, biological, and photolytic stresses has led to the formation of microplastics (MPs). MPs have risen to the top of environmental concerns due to their affinity to pollute the environment, and to pass to the food chain, threatening human health. In this context, attempts have been made to extract and characterize MPs from aqueous and solid matrices. A problem that not only hampers research but also regulatory decisions is the variety of methods used for the extraction and characterization of MPs, especially in organic solid matrices (OSMs) with organic (OM) \u3e 5%, making the comparison of results difficult. This paper aims to address this need, by critically assessing the methodologies and protocols used for extraction of MPs from OSMs, which includes sample collection, dispersion, OM removal, and separation, as well as the qualitative and quantitative characterization of MPs. Further, current impediments in the accurate characterization of MPs are identified along with recommendations for future developments. Finally, recent efforts by various countries to legislate against certain sources of MPs, as well as issues and novel techniques to remediate MPs from the soil, and wastewater have been highlighted

Real time implementation of EPLL with generalized filtering in single phase grid interfaced SPV system

This paper deals with an enhanced phase locked loop with generalized filtering (GF-EPLL) based control algorithm for a grid interfaced solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The interface between the SPV array and the grid is realized by a voltage source inverter (VSI). The VSI is implemented for SPV power extraction at high power quality and to feed it into the grid and load connected to it. The IC (Incremental Conductance) based MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm provides the peak power extraction from a SPV array at various environmental conditions. The GF-EPLL based control algorithm is implemented for harmonics elimination and load compensation for power quality enhancement. The phase compensation is introduced in the GF-EPLL algorithm to enhance the transient response of the system. To demonstrate the performance of proposed single stage SPV system, extensive tests are carried out on a prototype of it in the laboratory

Real time implementation of MAD technique for single-phase SPV grid interfaced system

This paper presents an application of adaptive control for the integration of single phase single stage solar photovoltaic (SPV) system to a single phase AC grid. The primitive of this integration of single-phase SPV system with the grid comprises of mitigation of harmonics, reactive power compensation and PFC (Power Factor Correction). It deals with a new mean adaptive detection (MAD) technique based on the adaptive detection method by eliminating the pulsating component present in the system. The employed topology consists of a VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) to extract the SPV power at good power quality and it feeds this power into the grid. Experimental results are recorded on a developed prototype of the SPV system in the laboratory to demonstrate the fast response of the control algorithm

Grid integration of single-phase single-stage SPV system using an Active Noise Isolation based control algorithm

This paper presents an active noise isolation (ANI) based control algorithm for single-phase single-stage solar photovoltaic (SPV) system connected to the AC grid. An ANI based algorithm used to control a voltage source inverter (VSI) which performs load compensation, harmonics mitigation, feeding solar power into the AC grid and many other power qualities issues. The proposed system comprises SPV array, single phase H-bridge VSI, nonlinear load and AC grid. The P and O (Perturb and Observe) algorithm is used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of SPV array at different environmental conditions. The proposed control algorithm has additional features by adding the new loop inside the ANI structure for the elimination of a DC component present in the input signal and is easy to implement. The behavior of presented SPV system is studied on a laboratory prototype under varying load and environmental conditions

Assessment of outcome of orthodontic mini dental implants: An observational study

Background: Successful orthodontic therapy has always depended upon on intraoral anchorage with a great resistance to displacement. Osseointegrated implants are considered reliable sources of anchorage for orthodontists hence; the present study was undertaken for assessing the outcome of orthodontic Mini dental implants. Materials &amp; methods: A total of 100 patients were enrolled. In all the involved patients, one or more self-drilling mini-screws were inserted. Orthodontic mini-implants were considered successful when they proved a perfect skeletal anchorage during the entire treatment period (independent from the period's length) without sign of mobility. All the results were recorded and analysed using SPSS software. Results: Success was observed in 85 percent of the cases. Failure was seen in 15 percent of the cases. Among the failure cases, inflammation was the cause in 10 percent of the cases while screw fracture was seen in 5 percent of the cases. Conclusion: Under the&nbsp; hands of skilled&nbsp; and experienced clinician,&nbsp; self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants had excellent prognosis

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Not AvailableErratic rainfall leading to flash flooding causes huge yield losses in lowland rice. The traditional varieties and landraces of rice possess variable levels of tolerance to submergence stress, but gene discovery and utilization of these resources has been limited to the Sub1A-1 allele from variety FR13A. Therefore, we analysed the allelic sequence variation in three Sub1 genes in a panel of 179 rice genotypes and its association with submergence tolerance. Population structure and diversity analysis based on a 36-plex genome wide genic-SNP assay grouped these genotypes into two major categories representing Indica and Japonica cultivar groups with further sub-groupings into Indica, Aus, Deepwater and Aromatic- Japonica cultivars. Targetted re-sequencing of the Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C genes identfied 7, 7 and 38 SNPs making 8, 9 and 67 SNP haplotypes, respectively. Haplotype networks and phylogenic analysis revealed evolution of Sub1B and Sub1A genes by tandem duplication and divergence of the ancestral Sub1C gene in that order. The alleles of Sub1 genes in tolerant reference variety FR13A seem to have evolved most recently. However, no consistent association could be found between the Sub1 allelic variation and submergence tolerance probably due to low minor allele frequencies and presence of exceptions to the known Sub1A-1 association in the genotype panel. We identified 18 cultivars with non-Sub1A-1 source of submergence tolerance which after further mapping and validation in biparental populations will be useful for development of superior flood tolerant rice cultivars.Not Availabl