Antimicrobial resistances of escherichia coli isolated from buteo rufinus

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine microbiological examination of cloacal swab specimens taken from Long-legged Buzzards (Buteo rufinus) and antibiotic resistance of isolated Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. Materials and Methods: The cloacal swab specimens were obtained from 24 Long-legged Buzzards which were admitted to Afyon Kocatepe University Veterinary Faculty clinics. The samples were cultured on different media for various bacteria (Salmonella species, E. coli, Mycoplasma, Gram-positive cocci, etc.). The media were incubated at 37°C in aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. ISO 6579 protocol was applied for Salmonella. In addition, antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria were determined. Results: Twenty-four E. coli were isolated from all cloacal swab samples. In addition, Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from one sample. While all E. coli isolates were susceptible to florfenicol and ciprofloxacin, other antibiotics were found to be susceptible at different rates. Conclusion: This study is important because it is the first microbiological examination of cloacal swaps of Long-legged Buzzards in this Country. In addition, it was significantly evaluated that E. coli strains were resistant to various antibiotics with different ratios while no antibiotics are used using antibiotics in Long-legged Buzzards

Effectiveness of bitter melon extract in the treatment of ischemic wounds in rats

WOS: 000452776900006PubMed ID: 30983870There is no consensus on the properties of an ideal dressing for treating wounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of dressings using topically administered bitter melon extract with olive oil, pure olive oil, nitrofurazone, and saline in the healing of ischemic wounds. A sample group of 48 rats was used in the trial. Their wounds were treated with bitter melon extract, pure olive oil, nitrofurazone, and saline. Data were collected between October 2014 and April 2015. The highest percentage (94.7%) of wound healing was observed in the bitter melon extract group and the lowest percentage (86.3%) in the nitrofurazone group. At the end of the 21st day, macroscopic reepithelialization was observed in 9 wounds in the bitter melon extract group (75%), in 6 wounds in the pure olive oil group (50%), and in only 3 wounds in the nitrofurazone and saline groups (25%). It can be concluded that dressing with a bitter melon extract is more efficient in the treatment of wounds than using nitrofurazone or saline, and that dressing with olive oil accelerates wound healing, although not as much as dressing with bitter melon extract.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [1150929]\This study was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) as part of the 1002-Fast Foundation Project with number 1150929

In vitro/in vivo comparison of cefuroxime release from poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-calcium sulfate implants for osteomyelitis treatment

This study aimed to investigate the release of cefuroxime axetil (CF) and calcium from poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL)-calcium sulfate (CaS) implants (PCL:CaS 2:1-10% CF; PCL:CaS 2:1-20% CF; PCL:CaS 1:1-10% CF) for treating infectious bone diseases. Bioactivity, crystallinity and strength, and release profiles under standard and pressurized release conditions were studied. PCL:CaS 2:1-20% CF had slower release than 10% loading. These groups had no significant change in CF and Ca release in response to pressure. The PCL:CaS 1:1 group had the slowest release despite having higher CaS, probably due to more compaction of discs. In contrast, pressure caused significant differentiation of CF and Ca2+ release. The presence of CaS enhanced mechanical properties and bioactivity of discs. SEM and XPS results showed calcium-phosphate containing accumulations on surfaces upon SBF incubation. CF-loaded implants were applied in a rabbit osteomyelitis model. In vivoCF release was enhanced with increased CaS proportions, suggesting that in vivo release conditions are closer to pressurized in vitro conditions. In the control group, there was still some inflammation in the bone and no complete coverage with bone was achieved in the defect site. Discs provided a suitable surface for regeneration of bone. However, bone formation in the PCL:CaS 1:1 disc implanted group was more complete and regular than in the 2:1 group. (C) 2013 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Volume 60, Number 6, Pages 603-616, 201

Exploring the therapeutic potential of bee venom components in wound healing: a comprehensive evaluation of morphometric, biochemical, and histopathological markers

Bee venom (BV) and its components, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and Apis cerana secapin-1 (AcSecapin-1), have potential effects on wound healing. This study aims to evaluate impact of BV, sPLA2, and AcSecapin-1 on full-thickness wound healing in male Wistar Albino rats over a 7-day period. Various morphometric (body weight, wound contraction), biochemical (hydroxyproline, oleic acid, IL-8, TGF-β1, redox parameters), and histopathological markers (reepithelialization, inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, fibroblast activation, and collagen density) were assessed. Treatment with sPLA2 and AcSecapin-1 increased oleic acid levels. IL-8 levels increased with sPLA2 treatment, and TGF-β1 levels increased with AcSecapin-1 treatment. BV and its components led to a decrease in FRAP levels. Additionally, BV treatment resulted in reduced angiogenesis, and both BV and sPLA2 treatments reduced inflammatory cells. All groups exhibited wound contraction without delay or regression. sPLA2 and AcSecapin-1 induced alterations in the wound healing milieu, without systemic changes. The treatment groups, except for the AcSecapin-1 group, showed an anti-inflammatory effect, identified by reduced inflammatory cell accumulation. Only the BV treatment suppressed angiogenesis. In conclusion, BV, sPLA2, and AcSecapin-1 demonstrate distinct effects on wound healing, with BV showing notable anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, while sPLA2 and AcSecapin-1 influenced cytokine and oleic acid levels

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of doxycycline-chondroitin sulfate/PCLmicrospheres for intraarticular treatment of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, which has no complete treatment with medication yet. Intraarticular hyaluronan (HA) injection can decrease pain and modify the natural course of OA. This study was designed to provide long term delivery of an MMP (matrix-metalloproteinase) inhibitor agent-doxycycline, together with matrix regenerative agent-chondroitin sulfate for treating OA which progress with matrix degenerations. Doxycycline (D) and doxycycline-chondroitin sulfate (D-CS) loaded poly--caprolactone (PCL) microspheres (MS) were prepared as intraarticular delivery systems. Bio-effectiveness of developed microspheres was first evaluated with three-dimensional in vitro model of OA where both MS showed significant reduction in MMP-13 levels compared to untreated OA-chondrocytes at 15 and 24 days. Significant decrease was observed in GAG release into the media for both D MS and D-CS MS treated groups at 15 and 24 days. Second, the microspheres were injected to rabbit knee in hyaluronan (HA) to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. Radiographic scores of D MS and D-CS MS groups improved after 8 weeks when compared to OA group. Mankin-Pitzker histological scores similarly showed improvement with D MS and D-CSMS groups when compared to OA group. Ex vivo hardness tests of cartilages demonstrated superior hardness values with both doses of D-CSMS compared to OA group. D MS showed promising improvement of OA in histology results. Although, both MS groups had similar effects on cells in the in vitro model, D-CSMS had a positive contribution on all in vivo treatment outcomes and showed potential as a new strategy for treatment when applied to OA knee joints. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1238-1248, 2015

Composite clinoptilolite/PCL-PEG-PCL scaffolds for bone regeneration: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

In this study, clinoptilolite (CLN) was employed as a reinforcement in a polymer-based composite scaffold in bone tissue engineering and evaluated in vivo for the first time. Highly porous, mechanically stable, and osteogenic CLN/PCL-PEG-PCL (CLN/PCEC) scaffolds were fabricated with modified particulate leaching/compression molding technique with varying CLN contents. We hypothesized that CLN reinforcement in a composite scaffold will improve bone regeneration and promote repair. Therefore, the scaffolds were analyzed for compressive strength, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and induction of osteogenic differentiation in vitro. CLN inclusion in PC-10 (10% w/w) and PC-20 (20% w/w) scaffolds revealed 54.7% and 53.4% porosity, higher dry (0.62 and 0.76 MPa), and wet (0.37 and 0.45 MPa) compressive strength, greater cellular adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity (2.20 and 2.82 mg/g(DNA)/min), and intracellular calcium concentration (122.44 and 243.24 g Ca/mg(DNA)). The scaffolds were evaluated in a unicortical bone defect at anterior aspect of proximal tibia of adult rabbits 4 and 8 weeks postimplantation. Similar to in vitro results, CLN-containing scaffolds led to efficient regeneration of bone in a dose-dependent manner. PC-20 demonstrated highest quality of bone union, cortex development, and bone-scaffold interaction at the defect site. Therefore, higher CLN content in PC-20 permitted robust remodeling whereas pure PCEC (PC-0) scaffolds displayed fibrous tissue formation. Consequently, CLN was proven to be a potent reinforcement in terms of promoting mechanical, physical, and biological properties of polymer-based scaffolds in a more economical, easy-to-handle, and reproducible approach