33 research outputs found
SmartUnit: Empirical Evaluations for Automated Unit Testing of Embedded Software in Industry
In this paper, we aim at the automated unit coverage-based testing for
embedded software. To achieve the goal, by analyzing the industrial
requirements and our previous work on automated unit testing tool CAUT, we
rebuild a new tool, SmartUnit, to solve the engineering requirements that take
place in our partner companies. SmartUnit is a dynamic symbolic execution
implementation, which supports statement, branch, boundary value and MC/DC
coverage. SmartUnit has been used to test more than one million lines of code
in real projects. For confidentiality motives, we select three in-house real
projects for the empirical evaluations. We also carry out our evaluations on
two open source database projects, SQLite and PostgreSQL, to test the
scalability of our tool since the scale of the embedded software project is
mostly not large, 5K-50K lines of code on average. From our experimental
results, in general, more than 90% of functions in commercial embedded software
achieve 100% statement, branch, MC/DC coverage, more than 80% of functions in
SQLite achieve 100% MC/DC coverage, and more than 60% of functions in
PostgreSQL achieve 100% MC/DC coverage. Moreover, SmartUnit is able to find the
runtime exceptions at the unit testing level. We also have reported exceptions
like array index out of bounds and divided-by-zero in SQLite. Furthermore, we
analyze the reasons of low coverage in automated unit testing in our setting
and give a survey on the situation of manual unit testing with respect to
automated unit testing in industry.Comment: In Proceedings of 40th International Conference on Software
Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice Track, Gothenburg, Sweden, May
27-June 3, 2018 (ICSE-SEIP '18), 10 page
Proteomic analysis of the biomass hydrolytic potentials of Penicillium oxalicum lignocellulolytic enzyme system
Additional file 2: Table S1. The functional annotations of proteins identified in the proteome of SP. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics study was performed to comprehensively dissect the lignocellulolytic enzyme profile of SP. Accession, Protein name, PSM, Calc. MW, CBM, Calc. pI and CAZy family of identified proteins were shown
Production of a high-efficiency cellulase complex via β-glucosidase engineering in Penicillium oxalicum
Additional file 6: Table S1. Primers used in this study
Production of a high-efficiency cellulase complex via β-glucosidase engineering in Penicillium oxalicum
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Low molecular weight chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles are effective for the treatment of MRSA-infected wounds
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being widely applied as topical wound materials; however, accumulated deposition of silver in the liver, spleen, and other main organs may lead to organ damage and dysfunction. We report here that low molecular weight chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (LMWC-AgNPs) are effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have better biocompatibility, and have lower body absorption characteristics when compared with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) and silver nanoparticles without surface stabilizer (uncoated-AgNPs) in a dorsal MRSA wound infection mouse model. LMWC-AgNPs were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate with low molecular weight chitosan as a stabilizer and reducing agent, while PVP-AgNPs were synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer and ethanol as a reducing agent. AgNPs with different surface stabilizers were identified by UV-visible absorption spectrometry, and particle size was determined by transmission electron microscopy. UV-visible absorption spectra of LMWC-AgNPs, PVP-AgNPs and uncoated-AgNPs were similar and their sizes were in the range of 10–30 nm. In vitro experiments showed that the three types of AgNPs had similar MRSA-killing effects, with obvious effect at 4 μg/mL and 100% effect at 8 μg/mL. Bacteriostatic annulus experiments also showed that all the three types of AgNPs had similar antibacterial inhibitory effect at 10 μg/mL. Cell counting kit-8 assay and Hoechst/propidium iodide (PI) staining showed that LMWC-AgNPs were significantly less toxic to human fibroblasts than PVP-AgNPs and uncoated-AgNPs. Treatment of mice with MRSA wound infection demonstrated that the three types of AgNPs effectively controlled MRSA wound infection and promoted wound healing. After continuous application for 14 days, LMWC-AgNPs-treated mice showed significantly reduced liver dysfunction as demonstrated by the reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and liver deposition of silver, in comparison to mice treated with uncoated-AgNPs or PVP-AgNPs. Our results demonstrated that LMWC-AgNPs had good anti-MRSA effects, while harboring a better biocompatibility and lowering the body’s absorption characteristics
Low molecular weight chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles are effective for the treatment of MRSA-infected wounds
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No midterm advantages in the middle term using small intestinal submucosa and human amniotic membrane in Achilles tendon transverse tenotomy
Background: The study was aimed to compare the effects of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and human amniotic membrane (HAM) on Achilles tendon healing. Methods: A total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups. A full-thickness transverse tenotomy was made at the right leg of the rabbits. Then, the laceration site was wrapped with HAM (P/A group) or SIS (P/S group). The ultimate stress (US) and Young’s modulus (E) of the tendons were detected for biomechanical analysis. Histological evaluation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescent stain. Expression of collagen I was detected by western blot analysis, and levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured. Finally, adhesion formation was evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in filamentous adhesion, cross-sectional areas of the laceration sites, levels of inflammatory response, and collagen type I expression between the P/A and P/S groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the P/A group, the US and E values were significantly higher in the P/S group at day 7 (p < 0.05) and at day 14 (p < 0.05). In addition, vascularity was significantly higher in the P/S group than that in the P/A group at day 3 (p < 0.05), day 7 (p < 0.01), and day 9 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: SIS showed superior biomechanical properties and neovascularization over HAM in treatment of Achilles tendon injury in the early stage of healing