L’illusion du e-voting dans les organisations syndicales de Côte d’Ivoire1 : entre légitimité et défis démocratiques

Based on a qualitative methodology combining field data and documentation,this study aims to understand the social processes of legitimisation of the votingtechnique at work in trade unions in Côte d’Ivoire through a study within RESAFIG union (Renouveau syndical des agents des Finances générales). It specifically shows, through the prism of the theory of organisational legitimacy, that the internal and external constraints of the union induce the maintenance of the physical vote, despite the fact that this technique produces a low rate of electoral participation and a democratic backlash. On this basis, the analysis concludes, on the one hand, that the satisfaction by the union leaders of the socio-corporatist expectations of the union members is the source legitimising the bypassing of electronic voting. On the other hand, union leaders intimidated and punished by the state because of corporatist demands indirectly phagocytise the political engagement of union members, which reflects their indifference to the maintain physical vote

Quantitative Analysis of Two Isoflavones in Pueraria Lobata Flowers from Eleven Chinese Provinces Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Background: Pueraria lobata flower (Gehua) is a medicinal herb to treat intoxication, hepatic and gastrointestinal tractlesion induced by alcohol. This study aims to develop a new HPLC method for the determination of two majorisoflavones in P. lobata flowers, namely tectoridin and 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin.Methods: A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm)was developed for the quantitative analysis of tectoridin and 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin, the main isoflavone componentsin P. lobata flower. A simple gradient of acetonitrile/water (0 min 15:85; 35 min 50:50; 36 min 15:85; 40 min 15:85; v/v)was used, and 265 nm was selected as detection wavelength. Tectoridin and 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin were used as theexternal standards in quality control of P. lobata flower for the first time. The method was applied to practical use inquality assessment of eleven batches of P. lobata flower samples in Chinese herbal medicine market.Results: The peak area response was linear for tectoridin in the 11.8-236.4 μg/mL range with a correlation coefficient of0.9996 (P < 0.001), and for 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin in the 10.33-185.99 μg/mL range with a correlation coefficient of0.9984 (P < 0.001) respectively. The average recoveries were 102.7-103.7% for tectoridin and 95.7-103.2% for 6"-Oxylosyl-tectoridin (RSDs < 3%), and the intra-day and inter-day RSDs of the two components were less than 2%. ThisHPLC method was applied to assess the quality of P. lobata flower from eleven provinces in China. P. lobata flowers fromnorthern China contained 26.46-43.28 mg/g of tectoridin and 30.90-48.23 mg/g of 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin comparingto 10.00-19.81 mg/g of tectoridin and 11.08-37.03 mg/g of 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin in those from southern China.Conclusion: The results showed that P. lobata flowers from northern China contained more tectoridin and 6"-Oxylosyl-tectoridin than those from southern China

Nanoconfinement induced crystal orientation and large piezoelectric coefficient in vertically aligned P(VDF-TrFE) nanotube array

10.1038/srep09790Scientific Reports

Aids, power and local governance in the Northern Côte D’ivoire

This research looks at the governance in the fight against AIDS in the Northern Coast as a political field where state, and non-state actors struggle for legitimacy and positioning. In the governance of public policies, the socio-political crisis in September 2002 Contributed to Reduced functional capacity of state structures due to the closure of some structures and the departure of much of the State staff on one hand. On the other hand, the crisis led to multiple opportunities, because of the increasing funding and other resources, and encourages the emergence of non-state actors interacting with each other. The research looks at the local governance in the fight against AIDS in the Northern Côte d'Ivoire as a political field where state and non-state actors struggle for power, legitimacy and positioning. The purpose of this paper is to present the different stakeholders interacting in the arena of fight against AIDS, and analyze the power relationship existing between them

Les Déterminants De La Proliferation Des Activités Économiques Informelles Sur Le Boulevard Nangui Abrogoua Et Leur Impact Sur L’environnement Dans La Commune D’adjame (Cote D’ivoire)

La commune d’Adjamé forte de sa position au centre de la ville d’Abidjan et plaque tournante de l’économie ivoirienne est aujourd’hui, un espace d’échange national, voire sous régional. Ce rôle qu’assure Adjamé fait, du boulevard Nangui Abrogoua un espace où la prolifération d’activités économiques informelles est de mise. La présente étude a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les déterminants de la prolifération des activités économiques informelles sur ce boulevard et leur conséquence sur l’environnement. La méthodologie utilisée combine la recherche bibliographique, une enquête de terrain et des entretiens. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la maximisation du gain, la facilité d’accès au boulevard, l’échec des opérations de déguerpissement et la politique de « laisser-faire » sont autant de facteurs qui expliquent la prolifération des activités économiques informelles sur le boulevard Nangui Abrogoua. Par ailleurs, ces activités pratiquées sur ce boulevard sont source d’insalubrité, de désordre spatial et des embouteillages permanents. The town of Adjamé, with its strong position in the center of the city of Abidjan and the hub of the Ivorian economy, is today a space for national and even sub-regional exchange. This role played by Adjamé makes Boulevard Nangui Abrogoua a space where the proliferation of informal economic activities is in order. This paper focuses on highlighting the determinants of the proliferation of informal economic activities on this boulevard and their impact on the environment. The methodology used combines bibliographical research, a field survey and interviews. The results obtained indicate that maximization of profit, ease of access to the boulevard, the failure of eviction operations, and the "laissez-faire" policy are all factors that explain the proliferation of informal economic activities on Boulevard Nangui Abrogoua. Moreover, these activities practiced on this boulevard serve as a source of insalubrity, spatial disorder, and permanent traffic jams

Quantitative analysis of two isoflavones in Pueraria lobata flowers from eleven Chinese provinces using high performance liquid chromatography

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Pueraria lobata </it>flower (<it>Gehua</it>) is a medicinal herb to treat intoxication, hepatic and gastrointestinal tract lesion induced by alcohol. This study aims to develop a new HPLC method for the determination of two major isoflavones in <it>P. lobata </it>flowers, namely tectoridin and 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with a C₁₈column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was developed for the quantitative analysis of tectoridin and 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin, the main isoflavone components in <it>P. lobata </it>flower. A simple gradient of acetonitrile/water (0 min 15:85; 35 min 50:50; 36 min 15:85; 40 min 15:85; v/v) was used, and 265 nm was selected as detection wavelength. Tectoridin and 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin were used as the external standards in quality control of <it>P. lobata </it>flower for the first time. The method was applied to practical use in quality assessment of eleven batches of <it>P. lobata </it>flower samples in Chinese herbal medicine market.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The peak area response was linear for tectoridin in the 11.8-236.4 μg/mL range with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996 (P < 0.001), and for 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin in the 10.33-185.99 μg/mL range with a correlation coefficient of 0.9984 (P < 0.001) respectively. The average recoveries were 102.7-103.7% for tectoridin and 95.7-103.2% for 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin (RSDs < 3%), and the intra-day and inter-day RSDs of the two components were less than 2%. This HPLC method was applied to assess the quality of <it>P. lobata </it>flower from eleven provinces in China. <it>P. lobata </it>flowers from northern China contained 26.46-43.28 mg/g of tectoridin and 30.90-48.23 mg/g of 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin comparing to 10.00-19.81 mg/g of tectoridin and 11.08-37.03 mg/g of 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin in those from southern China.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results showed that <it>P. lobata </it>flowers from northern China contained more tectoridin and 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin than those from southern China.</p

Production Systems to Minimize the Latex Harvesting Cost of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)

Latex harvesting is the most costly activity in natural rubber production and the shortage of available skill and unstable latex harvester are the main factor affecting in Rubber cultivation and its lead to increase cost of production. Low frequency system (LFT) with the hormonal stimulation is a solution to solve this problem that minimize the cost of latex harvesting. Therefore, a study was conducted for nine years on production systems that minimize the cost of latex harvesting in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire with clones IRCA 130, GT 1 and PB 217 of Hevea brasiliensis. These production systems differ from each other by an increase in tapping frequency, in comparison with the standard tapping (d3) on the above clones in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. The results indicated that production systems that minimize the cost of latex harvesting admittedly resulted in losses of rubber yield per hectare per year from 1 to 37%, but improved the yield per tree per tapping as well as the productivity of the tapper from 20 to 46%, in year. Moreover, these systems contributed to the improvement of the vegetative growth of trees and kept the rate of dry trees in low level (less than 7%). Furthermore, these systems also helped to reduce the cost of tapping labor from 1 to 50%, as well as operating costs from 2 to 47%, in comparison with European Scientific Journal October 2018 edition Vol.14, No.30 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 191 the standard tapping (d3). Finally, in the context of a shortage of tapping labor, these systems help increase the farmer’s profit margin from 26% to 113%, as well as the tapper’s income from 26% to 89%. Therefore, it appears that the use of low frequency harvesting system with the appropriate stimulants appears as a solution to minimize latex harvesting cost and unavailability of harvesters in rubber cultivation