61 research outputs found
Non-exemplar Class-incremental Learning by Random Auxiliary Classes Augmentation and Mixed Features
Non-exemplar class-incremental learning refers to classifying new and old
classes without storing samples of old classes. Since only new class samples
are available for optimization, it often occurs catastrophic forgetting of old
knowledge. To alleviate this problem, many new methods are proposed such as
model distillation, class augmentation. In this paper, we propose an effective
non-exemplar method called RAMF consisting of Random Auxiliary classes
augmentation and Mixed Feature. On the one hand, we design a novel random
auxiliary classes augmentation method, where one augmentation is randomly
selected from three augmentations and applied on the input to generate
augmented samples and extra class labels. By extending data and label space, it
allows the model to learn more diverse representations, which can prevent the
model from being biased towards learning task-specific features. When learning
new tasks, it will reduce the change of feature space and improve model
generalization. On the other hand, we employ mixed feature to replace the new
features since only using new feature to optimize the model will affect the
representation that was previously embedded in the feature space. Instead, by
mixing new and old features, old knowledge can be retained without increasing
the computational complexity. Extensive experiments on three benchmarks
demonstrate the superiority of our approach, which outperforms the
state-of-the-art non-exemplar methods and is comparable to high-performance
replay-based methods.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
MS-DETR: Multispectral Pedestrian Detection Transformer with Loosely Coupled Fusion and Modality-Balanced Optimization
Multispectral pedestrian detection is an important task for many
around-the-clock applications, since the visible and thermal modalities can
provide complementary information especially under low light conditions. Most
of the available multispectral pedestrian detectors are based on non-end-to-end
detectors, while in this paper, we propose MultiSpectral pedestrian DEtection
TRansformer (MS-DETR), an end-to-end multispectral pedestrian detector, which
extends DETR into the field of multi-modal detection. MS-DETR consists of two
modality-specific backbones and Transformer encoders, followed by a multi-modal
Transformer decoder, and the visible and thermal features are fused in the
multi-modal Transformer decoder. To well resist the misalignment between
multi-modal images, we design a loosely coupled fusion strategy by sparsely
sampling some keypoints from multi-modal features independently and fusing them
with adaptively learned attention weights. Moreover, based on the insight that
not only different modalities, but also different pedestrian instances tend to
have different confidence scores to final detection, we further propose an
instance-aware modality-balanced optimization strategy, which preserves visible
and thermal decoder branches and aligns their predicted slots through an
instance-wise dynamic loss. Our end-to-end MS-DETR shows superior performance
on the challenging KAIST, CVC-14 and LLVIP benchmark datasets. The source code
is available at https://github.com/YinghuiXing/MS-DETR
Development and performance of a clear aligner film loaded with sustained release hydrogen peroxide gel
Introduction: Clear aligner treatment (CAT) has become popular over recent years because it is both comfortable and aesthetically acceptable. However, most of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment request dental bleaching. A safe and controlled bleaching treatment at the same time as the clear aligner treatment can save time and improve patient satisfaction with the outcome of the treatment.Aim: This study was aimed to develop a thermoforming film loaded with hydrogen peroxide as a clear aligner and detect its efficiency on teeth blenching and its influence on shear bonding strength for attachment.Methods: The thermoforming film loaded with sodium alginate-dopamine/Mesoporous silica nanoparticles compound gel was immersed in 6 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution and the hydrogen peroxide was loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticle channels by capillary action. Then, a thermoforming film loaded with sustained-release hydrogen peroxide gel was made. Six dentition models were prepared with 90 isolated human premolars and divided into the experiment group, the condition control group and the blank control group, respectively. Then, the experiment group wore the clear aligner made by the thermoforming film loaded with hydrogen peroxide for 40 days; the conditional control group wore the clear aligner made by the ordinary thermoforming film for 40 days; and the blank control group wore no clear aligner. The aligners were updated every 10 days and the color of teeth was measured every 10 days. Tooth color should be determined by specific parameters (L, a* and b*). What’s more, in order to determine the influence of the thermoforming film loaded with sustained-release hydrogen peroxide gel on shear bonding strength for attachment. The shear bonding strength of attachment of isolated premolars were measured.Results: Isolated premolars treated by bleaching experiments showed an increase in L value (ΔL = 7.76 ± 0.64) and a decrease in both a* (Δa = −0.82 ± 0.12) and b* (Δb = −3.10 ± 0.21) values. However, the isolated premolars in conditional control group and blank control group exhibited that an decrease in L value (ΔLCCG = −0.91 ± 0.24; ΔLBCG = −0.86 ± 0.15)and a increase in both a* (ΔaCCG = 0.19 ± 0.05; ΔaBCG = 0.18 ± 0.04) and b* (ΔbCCG = 0.43 ± 0.11; ΔbBCG = 0.31 ± 0.10) value. While the shear bonding strength for attachment after bleaching was 22.78 ± 2.28 MPa, which had no significant change compared with the shear bonding strength for attachment without bleaching experiment (22.21 ± 2.77 MPa) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A thermoforming film featuring the sustained release of hydrogen peroxide had a good bleaching effect on isolated teeth and had no significant influence on the shear bonding strength for attachment
Growth Pattern in Chinese Children With 5α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Background5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5αRD) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease of the group of 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD).ObjectiveTo study the growth pattern in Chinese pediatric patients with 5αRD.SubjectsData were obtained from 141 patients with 5αRD (age: 0–16 years old) who visited eight pediatric endocrine centers from January 2010 to December 2017.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, height, weight, and other relevant data were collected from the multicenter hospital registration database. Baseline luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation test were measured by enzyme enhanced chemiluminescence assay. Bone age (BA) was assessed using the Greulich-Pyle (G-P) atlas. Growth curve was constructed based on λ-median-coefficient of variation method (LMS).ResultsThe height standard deviation scores (HtSDS) and weight standard deviation scores (WtSDS) in 5αRD children were in the normal range as compared to normal boys. Significantly higher HtSDS was observed in patients with 5αRD who were <1 year old (t = 3.658, 2.103, P = 0.002, 0.048, respectively), and higher WtSDS in those <6 months old (t = 2.756, P = 0.012). Then HtSDS and WtSDS decreased gradually and fluctuated near the median of the same age until 13 years. WtSDS in 5αRD children from northern China were significantly higher than those from the south (Z = -2.670, P = 0.008). The variation tendency of HtSDS in Chinese 5αRDs was consistent with the trend of stimulating T. HtSDS and stimulating T in the external masculinization score (EMS) <7 group were slightly higher than those in EMS ≥ 7 group without significant difference. Additionally, the ratio of BA over chronological age (BA/CA) was significantly <1 in children with 5αRD.ConclusionChildren with 5αRD had a special growth pattern that was affected by high levels of T, while DHT played a very small role in it. Their growth accelerated at age <1 year, followed by slowing growth and fluctuating height near normal median boys’ height. The BA was delayed in 5αRD children. Androgen treatment, which may be considered anyway for male 5αRD patients with a micropenis, may also be beneficial for growth
Genomic heterogeneity of multiple synchronous lung cancer
Multiple synchronous lung cancers (MSLCs) present a clinical dilemma as to whether individual tumours represent intrapulmonary metastases or independent tumours. In this study we analyse genomic profiles of 15 lung adenocarcinomas and one regional lymph node metastasis from 6 patients with MSLC. All 15 lung tumours demonstrate distinct genomic profiles, suggesting all are independent primary tumours, which are consistent with comprehensive histopathological assessment in 5 of the 6 patients. Lung tumours of the same individuals are no more similar to each other than are lung adenocarcinomas of different patients from TCGA cohort matched for tumour size and smoking status. Several known cancer-associated genes have different mutations in different tumours from the same patients. These findings suggest that in the context of identical constitutional genetic background and environmental exposure, different lung cancers in the same individual may have distinct genomic profiles and can be driven by distinct molecular events
Distinct DNA methylation epigenotypes in bladder cancer from different Chinese sub-populations and its implication in cancer detection using voided urine
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the incidence is particularly high in southwestern Taiwan. Previous studies have identified several tumor-related genes that are hypermethylated in bladder cancer; however the DNA methylation profile of bladder cancer in Taiwan is not fully understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, we compared the DNA methylation profile of multiple tumor suppressor genes (<it>APC</it>, <it>DAPK</it>, <it>E-cadherin</it>, <it>hMLH1</it>, <it>IRF8</it>, <it>p14</it>, <it>p15</it>, <it>RASSF1A</it>, <it>SFRP1 </it>and <it>SOCS-1</it>) in bladder cancer patients from different Chinese sub-populations including Taiwan (104 cases), Hong Kong (82 cases) and China (24 cases) by MSP. Two normal human urothelium were also included as control. To investigate the diagnostic potential of using DNA methylation in non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, degree of methylation of <it>DAPK</it>, <it>IRF8</it>, <it>p14</it>, <it>RASSF1A </it>and <it>SFRP1 </it>was also accessed by quantitative MSP in urine samples from thirty bladder cancer patients and nineteen non-cancer controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were distinct DNA methylation epigenotypes among the different sub-populations. Further, samples from Taiwan and China demonstrated a bimodal distribution suggesting that CpG island methylator phentotype (CIMP) is presented in bladder cancer. Moreover, the number of methylated genes in samples from Taiwan and Hong Kong were significantly correlated with histological grade (P < 0.01) and pathological stage (P < 0.01). Regarding the samples from Taiwan, methylation of <it>SFRP1</it>, <it>IRF8</it>, <it>APC </it>and <it>RASSF1A </it>were significantly associated with increased tumor grade, stage. Methylation of <it>RASSF1A </it>was associated with tumor recurrence. Patients with methylation of <it>APC </it>or <it>RASSF1A </it>were also significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival. For methylation detection in voided urine samples of cancer patients, the sensitivity and specificity of using any of the methylated genes (<it>IRF8</it>, <it>p14 </it>or <it>sFRP1</it>) by qMSP was 86.7% and 94.7%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results indicate that there are distinct methylation epigenotypes among different Chinese sub-populations. These profiles demonstrate gradual increases with cancer progression. Finally, detection of gene methylation in voided urine with these distinct DNA methylation markers is more sensitive than urine cytology.</p
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