Boronic Acid Functionalized Aza-Bodipy (azaBDPBA) based Fluorescence Optodes for the Analysis of Glucose in Whole Blood

A near-infrared fluorescent dye (aza-bodipy or azaBDPBA) functionalized with boronic acid groups was synthesized for the preparation of optodes to measure glucose in 40-fold diluted whole blood. Boronic acid groups as an electron deficient group on aza-bodipy was reacted with hydrogen peroxide into an electron-rich phenolic group leading to the red-shift of emission wavelength from 682 to 724 nm. The emission in near-infrared region offered a low level of background interference from whole blood. Also, the dual-wavelength emission guaranteed our probe to measure glucose in whole blood accurately after the conversion of glucose into hydrogen peroxide using glucose oxidase. The measuring range of glucose from 0.2 to 200 mM in the buffer was achieved with high selectivity. To facilitate the blood test, the probe was immobilized into thin hydrophobic polymer films to prepare the disposal glucose optode, which could detect glucose in the solution from 60 μM to 100 mM. The concentration of glucose in 40-fold diluted whole blood was determined using our optode and the reference method, respectively. The consistence in the concentration obtained from these two assays revealed that our azaBDPBA-based optodes were promising for the clinic assay of glucose in the whole blood

MOESM2 of Occurrence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in China

Additional file 2. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and resistance-related genes of 96 genome-sequenced aEPEC strains

Matrix-Free Polymer Nanocomposite Thermoplastic Elastomers

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) grafted nanoparticles were prepared by grafting block copolymer poly­(styrene-<i>block</i>-(<i>n</i>-butyl acrylate)) onto silica nanoparticles (NPs) via surface-initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The effects of polymer chain length and graft density on the mechanical properties were investigated using films made solely from the grafted NPs. The ultimate tensile stress and elastic modulus increased with increasing PS chain length. The dispersion of the silica NPs and the microphase separation of the block copolymer in the matrix-free polymer nanocomposite were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The higher polymer graft density TPEs exhibited better microphase separation of the block copolymers and more uniform silica NP dispersion than lower polymer graft density TPEs with similar polymer chain length and composition

Matrix-Free Polymer Nanocomposite Thermoplastic Elastomers

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) grafted nanoparticles were prepared by grafting block copolymer poly­(styrene-<i>block</i>-(<i>n</i>-butyl acrylate)) onto silica nanoparticles (NPs) via surface-initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The effects of polymer chain length and graft density on the mechanical properties were investigated using films made solely from the grafted NPs. The ultimate tensile stress and elastic modulus increased with increasing PS chain length. The dispersion of the silica NPs and the microphase separation of the block copolymer in the matrix-free polymer nanocomposite were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The higher polymer graft density TPEs exhibited better microphase separation of the block copolymers and more uniform silica NP dispersion than lower polymer graft density TPEs with similar polymer chain length and composition

MOESM1 of Occurrence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in China

Additional file 1. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 267 aEPEC strains tested in the study

Boronic Acid Functionalized Boron Dipyrromethene Fluorescent Probes: Preparation, Characterization, and Saccharides Sensing Applications

Fluorescent probes based on boron dipyrromethene functionalized with a phenylboronic acid group (BODIPY–PBAs) were synthesized in high yield for the first time by Suzuki coupling of bis­(pinacolato)­diboron and 8-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-<i>s</i>-indacene (BODIPY). Wavelength tuning of the fluorophores was achieved by attaching an auxochromic substituent to the 5-position of the BODIPY core structure through Knoevenagel condensation. The emission intensity of fluorophores increases when binding to the analytes with diol groups and forming boronic esters at fixed pH. These compounds can detect monosaccharides in the concentration range of 0.1–100 mM. Whereas glycogen was found to quench the fluorescence of BODIPY–PBAs in an aqueous solution due to the self-quenching of the fluorophores after attaching in the extensively branched and compact glucose polymer, further addition of d-fructose to the solution can release the fluorophores from the polymer and the fluorescence regains. The BODIPY–PBA fluorophore has been applied in polymeric optodes containing anion exchangers to perform repetitive measurement. Such sensors respond to different monosaccharides in the range of 0.1–100 mM and demonstrate an improved selectivity toward d-fructose over other saccharides, compared to the results obtained from homogeneous assay

Strains and plasmids used in this study.

<p>Strains and plasmids used in this study.</p

Transcriptional studies of <i>fliC</i> and <i>fliA</i>.

<p>(A) Expression of the <i>fliC</i> gene assessed at the mRNA level by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Relative mRNA expression of <i>fliC</i> was normalized to that of the housekeeping gene <i>gapA</i>. Results represent mean values standard deviations (SD) for three independent experiments. Differences were analyzed for significance using T-test with significant difference between two strains (P<0.01) indicated by a * with a linked line. (B) Measurements of the <i>fliC</i> promoter activity in EDL933, isogenic Z5898 deletion mutant and complemented strain. A 340 bp <i>fliC</i> promoter fragment was cloned into the promoter-less green fluorescence protein (GFP) plasmid pAJR70 to create transcriptional fusion plasmid pAJRfliC. The fluorescence produced by each strain and corresponding OD₆₀₀ was measured every 60 minutes. Fluorescence data were plotted against the mean OD₆₀₀ measurement. The promoter-less plasmid pAJR70 was used as control. WT, wild-type EDL933; ΔZ5898, Z5898 deletion mutant. (C) Expression of the <i>fliA</i> gene by qRT-PCR. Data was also normalized using <i>gapA</i> expression as in A. Error bar shows the standard deviation from three independent experiments. (D) Measurements of the <i>fliA</i> promoter activity in EDL933, isogenic Z5898 deletion mutant and complemented strain. A 464 bp <i>fliA</i> promoter fragment was cloned into the promoter-less green fluorescence protein (GFP) plasmid pAJR70 to create transcriptional fusion plasmid pAJRfliA.</p

2-D gel electrophoresis patterns.

<p>2-D gel electrophoresis patterns of proteins isolated from cells of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 EDL933 (A) and its isogenic mutant derivative EDL933ΔZ5898 (B). Rainbow marker was used as standard molecular weight. The sizes for each band were labelled. The spots indicated by arrowheads were flagellin identified by mass spectrometry.</p

Schematic representation of conserved DEAH-box RNA helicase motifs in the Z5898 of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 EDL933.

<p>The DEAH-box conserved motifs are described by Cordin <i>et al</i>. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0064211#pone.0064211-Cordin1" target="_blank">[58]</a>. The sequence and location of conserved motifs of the DEAH-box family aligned with Z5898 are shown. The yellow shadow show the perfect matches. The numbers below the boxes are amino acid positions of Z5898.</p