4,5-Cis Unsaturated α‑GalCer Analogues Distinctly Lead to CD1d-Mediated Th1-Biased NKT Cell Responses

The total synthesis of 4,5-cis unsaturated α-GalCer analogues was achieved, and their immune-response altering activity was assessed <i>in vitro</i> as well as <i>in vivo</i> in mice. Using glycosyl iodide as a glycosyl donor, construction of the sphingosine unit was shortened by four steps and single α-stereoselectivity was achieved in good yield (67%). With regard to the therapeutic use of α-GalCer, the novel analogues (<b>1b</b> and <b>1c</b>) distinctly induced a Th1-biased cytokine response, avoiding induction of a contradictory response and overstimulation

Additional file 4: Table S4. of Regional association analysis-based fine mapping of three clustered QTL for verticillium wilt resistance in cotton (G. hirsutum. L)

LD between pairs of SNPs. SNPs are indicated by physical position, and the corresponding SNP name is indicated in Additional file 3: Table S3. (XLSX 8341 kb

Additional file 6: Figure S2. of Regional association analysis-based fine mapping of three clustered QTL for verticillium wilt resistance in cotton (G. hirsutum. L)

Haplotype blocks of the genome region of interest. (PNG 77 kb

Additional file 3: Table S3. of Regional association analysis-based fine mapping of three clustered QTL for verticillium wilt resistance in cotton (G. hirsutum. L)

SNP genotypes of 120 lines. SNPs homologous to the same sequence of the genome region of interest and having the same position when assigning them to the cotton AD genome were noted With yellow coating. (XLSX 1064 kb

Additional file 11: Table S8. of Regional association analysis-based fine mapping of three clustered QTL for verticillium wilt resistance in cotton (G. hirsutum. L)

Comparison of VW resistance-associated SNPs with the genome region of interestand detection of functional genes related to VW resistance. (XLSX 18 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Regional association analysis-based fine mapping of three clustered QTL for verticillium wilt resistance in cotton (G. hirsutum. L)

Physical position of verticillium wilt resistance-related QTL or markers. (XLSX 12 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S1. of Regional association analysis-based fine mapping of three clustered QTL for verticillium wilt resistance in cotton (G. hirsutum. L)

Triangle plots for pairwise LD between SNP markers located in the genome region of interest. (JPEG 48 kb

Ortho C–H Bond Activations in an Atmospheric Microwave Plasma Ion Source

C–H bond ortho-substitution reaction has always been a significant and challenging topic in organic chemistry. We proposed a synthesis method based on microwave plasma torches. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to monitor rapid reaction products. 2-Alkylbenzimidazole can be formed through the reaction of phenylnitrenium ion and nitriles on a millisecond scale. This reaction can achieve the one-step formation of benzimidazoles from benzene ring single-substituted compounds without the addition of external oxidants or catalysts. A similar C–H bond activation reaction can be accomplished with ketones. Meanwhile, the microwave plasma reactor was modified, and the resulting 2-methylbenzimidazole was successfully collected, indicating the device has good application potential in organic reactions such as C–H bond activation reaction