Unconventional electronic Raman spectra of borocarbide superconductors

Borocarbide superconductors, which are thought to be conventional BCS-type superconductors, are not so conventional in several electronic Raman properties. Anisotropic gap-like features and finite scattering strength below the gap were observed for the $R$Ni$_2$B$_2$C ($R$ = Lu, Y) systems in our previous study. The effects of Co-doping on the 2$\Delta$ gap-like features and the finite scattering strength below and above the gap are studied in $R$ = Lu (B = B$^{11}$) system. In superconducting states, Co-doping strongly suppresses the 2$\Delta$ peak in both B$_{2g}$ and B$_{1g}$ symmetries. Raman cross-section calculation which includes inelastic scattering shows a relatively good fit to the features above the 2$\Delta$ peak, while it does not fully account for the features below the peak.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur

Directional tunnelling spectroscopy of a normal metal-s+gs+g-wave superconductor junction

We calculate the normal metal-$s+g$-wave superconductor tunnelling spectrum for various junction orientations and for two forms of the superconducting gap, one which allows for point nodes and the other which allows for line nodes. For a junction oriented with its normal parallel to the ab plane of the tetragonal superconductor, we find that the tunnelling spectrum is strongly dependent on orientation in the plane. The spectrum contains two peaks at energies equivalent to the magnitudes of the gap function in the direction parallel to the interface normal and in the direction making a $\pi/4$ angle with the normal. These two peaks appear in both superconductors with point nodes and line nodes, but are more prominent in the latter. For the tunnelling along the c axis, we find a sharp peak at the gap maximum in the conductance spectrum of the superconductor with line nodes, whereas with point nodes we find a peak occurring at the value of the gap function along the c axis. We discuss the relevance of our result to borocarbide systems.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Moisture Content Prediction Below and Above Fiber Saturation Point by Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis on Near Infrared Absorption Spectra of Korean Pine

This study was performed to predict the surface moisture content of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) with low moisture content (approximately 0%) and high moisture content above the FSP using near IR spectroscopy. Near IR absorbance spectra of circular specimens were acquired at various moisture contents at 25°C. To enhance the precision of the regression model, mathematical preprocessing was performed by determining the three-point moving average and Norris second derivatives. After preprocessing, partial least squares regression was carried out to establish the surface moisture content prediction model. We divided the specimens into two groups based on their moisture contents. For the first group, which possessed moisture contents less than 30%, the R2 values and root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of the model were 0.96 and 1.48, respectively. For the second group, which possessed moisture contents greater than 30%, the R2 values and RMSEP of the model were 0.94 and 4.88, respectively. For all moisture contents, the R2 and RMSEP were 0.96 and 5.15, respectively. As the range of moisture contents included in the prediction model was expanded, the error of the model increased. In addition, the peak positions of the water absorption band (1440 and 1930 nm) shifted to longer wavelengths at higher moisture contents

Long and Short-term Volatility Comovements in the East Asian Stock

This study analyzed volatility comovement and contagion in the stock markets of four countries (China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) in East Asia, which are closely connected with each other geographically and economically in terms of short-term and long-term perspectives. The volatility of stock returns has complex properties of not only volatility clustering, but also long memory, regime change, and substantial outliers. This study reviewed the volatility comovement and contagion in a stock market from long-term and short-term perspectives with the Bivariate Markov Switching Multifractal (BMSM) volatility model that is known for explaining such characteristics well, in spite of using small number of parameters. The empirical analysis results are as follows: China has no significant correlation with the other three countries. Therefore, China stock market is regarded as isolated or segmented market. The influence of the financial crisis on East Asian countries varies depending on the country. Regardless of the starting point of the crisis, Korea and Taiwan are shown to be vulnerable to external impact, compared to China and Japan. From the perspective of the nature of crisis, financial crisis that occurred in 1997 in East Asia and South Europe in 2011 were identified as local shocks as they had an impact on only a few countries, while the global crisis in 2008 was identified as global shock because it caused significant short-term and/or mid and long-term volatility of all countries

Rapid quantification of DNA methylation through dNMP analysis following bisulfite-PCR

We report a novel method for rapid quantification of the degree of DNA methylation of a specific gene. Our method combined bisulfite-mediated PCR and quantification of deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate (dNMP) contents in the PCR product through capillary electrophoresis. A specific bisulfite-PCR product was enzymatically hydrolyzed to dNMP monomers which were quantitatively analyzed through subsequent capillary electrophoresis. PCR following bisulfite treatment converts unmethylated cytosines to thymines while leaving methyl-cytosines unchanged. Then the ratio of cytosine to thymine determined by capillary electrophoresis represents the ratio of methyl-cytosine to cytosine in genomic locus of interest. Pure oligonucleotides with known sequences were processed in parallel as standards for normalization of dNMP peaks in capillary electrophoresis. Sources of quantification uncertainty such as carryovers of dNTPs or primers and incomplete hydrolysis were examined and ruled out. When the method was applied to samples with known methylation levels (by bisulfite-mediated sequencing) as a validation, deviations were within ±5%. After bisulfite-PCR, the analytical procedure can be completed within 1.5 h

Josephson effect in a weak link between borocarbides

A stationary Josephson effect is analyzed theoretically for a weak link between borocarbide superconductors. It is shown that different models of the order parameter result in qualitatively different current-phase relations