13-Moment System with Global Hyperbolicity for Quantum Gas

We point out that the quantum Grad's 13-moment system [R. Yano, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 416:231-241, 2014] is lack of global hyperbolicity, and even worse, the thermodynamic equilibrium is not an interior point of the hyperbolicity region of the system. To remedy this problem, by fully considering Grad's expansion, we split the expansion into the equilibrium part and the non-equilibrium part, and propose a regularization for the system with the help of the new theory developed in [Z. Cai et al., SIAM J. Appl. Math., 75(5):2001-2023, 2015, Y. Fan, J. Stat. Phys., 161(4), 2015]. This provides us a new model which is hyperbolic for all admissible thermodynamic states, and meanwhile preserves the approximate accuracy of the original system. It should be noted that this procedure is not a trivial application of the theory in [Z. Cai et al., SIAM J. Appl. Math., 75(5):2001-2023, 2015, Y. Fan, J. Stat. Phys., 161(4), 2015].Comment: 23 pages and 12 figure

Determining factors behind the PageRank log-log plot

We study the relation between PageRank and other parameters of information networks such as in-degree, out-degree, and the fraction of dangling nodes. We model this relation through a stochastic equation inspired by the original definition of PageRank. Further, we use the theory of regular variation to prove that PageRank and in-degree follow power laws with the same exponent. The difference between these two power laws is in a multiple coefficient, which depends mainly on the fraction of dangling nodes, average in-degree, the power law exponent, and damping factor. The out-degree distribution has a minor effect, which we explicitly quantify. Our theoretical predictions show a good agreement with experimental data on three different samples of the Web

Lactate Promotes Macrophage HMGB1 Lactylation, Acetylation, and Exosomal Release in Polymicrobial Sepsis

High circulating levels of lactate and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) are associated with the severity and mortality of sepsis. However, it is unclear whether lactate could promote HMGB1 release during sepsis. The present study demonstrated a novel role of lactate in HMGB1 lactylation and acetylation in macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis. We found that macrophages can uptake extracellular lactate via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to promote HMGB1 lactylation via a p300/CBP-dependent mechanism. We also observed that lactate stimulates HMGB1 acetylation by Hippo/YAP-mediated suppression of deacetylase SIRT1 and β-arrestin2-mediated recruitment of acetylases p300/CBP to the nucleus via G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81). The lactylated/acetylated HMGB1 is released from macrophages via exosome secretion which increases endothelium permeability. In vivo reduction of lactate production and/or inhibition of GPR81-mediated signaling decreases circulating exosomal HMGB1 levels and improves survival outcome in polymicrobial sepsis. Our results provide the basis for targeting lactate/lactate-associated signaling to combat sepsis

Novel Role of Endothelial Derived Exosomal HSPA12B in Regulating Macrophage Inflammatory Responses in Polymicrobial Sepsis

Endothelial cell dysfunction contributes to sepsis induced initiate immune response and the infiltration of immune cells into organs, resulting in organ injury. Heat shock protein A12B (HSPA12B) is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells. The present study investigated whether endothelial HSPA12B could regulate macrophage pro-inflammatory response during sepsis. Wild type (WT) and endothelial cell-specific HSPA12B deficient (HSPA12B–/–) mice were subjected to CLP sepsis. Mortality and cardiac function were monitored. Higher mortality, worsened cardiac dysfunction, and greater infiltrated macrophages in the myocardium and spleen were observed in HSPA12B–/– septic mice compared with the WT septic mice. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were higher and the levels of IL-10 were lower in HSPA12B–/– septic mice than in WT septic mice. Importantly, endothelial exosomes contain HSPA12B which can be uptaken by macrophages. Interestingly, endothelial exosomal HSPA12B significantly increases IL-10 levels and decreases TNF-α and IL-1β production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Mechanistic studies show that endothelial exosomal HSPA12B downregulates NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation in LPS stimulated macrophages. These data suggest that endothelial HSPA12B plays a novel role in the regulation of macrophage pro-inflammatory response via exosomes during sepsis and that sepsis induced cardiomyopathy and mortality are associated with endothelial cell deficiency of HSPA12B

Modeling of magnetic properties of GO electrical steel based on Epstein combination and loss data weighted processing

The extended modeling of the magnetic properties of GO (Grain Oriented) electrical steel is presented in this paper which is based on a set of standard and scaled-down Epstein frames and a proposed two-level weighted processing of Epstein data, including the mean magnetic path length, specific magnetization loss and exciting power. The effects of excitation frequency, strip angle and ambient temperature on the results obtained from the Epstein frames are investigated. It is shown that using the proposed Epstein combination and the two-level weighted processing method is an efficient way of building a model for determining magnetic losses more realistically, hence, improving the value of Epstein strip measurement data

The Pan-STARRS1 z>5.6 quasar survey II: Discovery of 55 Quasars at 5.6<z<6.5

The identification of bright quasars at z>6 enables detailed studies of supermassive black holes, massive galaxies, structure formation, and the state of the intergalactic medium within the first billion years after the Big Bang. We present the spectroscopic confirmation of 55 quasars at redshifts 5.6<z<6.5 and UV magnitudes -24.5<M1450<-28.5 identified in the optical Pan-STARRS1 and near-IR VIKING surveys (48 and 7, respectively). Five of these quasars have been independently discovered in other studies. The quasar sample shows an extensive range of physical properties, including 17 objects with weak emission lines, ten broad absorption line quasars, and five with strong radio emission (radio-loud quasars). There are also a few notable sources in the sample, including a blazar candidate at z=6.23, a likely gravitationally lensed quasar at z=6.41, and a z=5.84 quasar in the outskirts of the nearby (D~3 Mpc) spiral galaxy M81. The blazar candidate remains undetected in NOEMA observations of the [CII] and underlying emission, implying a star-formation rate <30-70 Msun/yr. A significant fraction of the quasars presented here lies at the foundation of the first measurement of the z~6 quasar luminosity function from Pan-STARRS1 (introduced in a companion paper). The quasars presented here will enable further studies of the high-redshift quasar population with current and future facilities.Comment: Version after addressing referee report. See companion paper by Schindler et a

A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): A First Look at the Rest-frame Optical Spectra of z > 6.5 Quasars Using JWST

© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, to view a copy of the license, see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Studies of rest-frame optical emission in quasars at z > 6 have historically been limited by the wavelengths accessible by ground-based telescopes. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) now offers the opportunity to probe this emission deep into the reionization epoch. We report the observations of eight quasars at z > 6.5 using the JWST/NIRCam Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy as a part of the “A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE)” program. Our JWST spectra cover the quasars’ emission between rest frame ∼4100 and 5100 Å. The profiles of these quasars’ broad Hβ emission lines span a full width at half maximum from 3000 to 6000 km s−1. The Hβ-based virial black hole (BH) masses, ranging from 0.6 to 2.1 billion solar masses, are generally consistent with their Mg ii-based BH masses. The new measurements based on the more reliable Hβ tracer thus confirm the existence of a billion solar-mass BHs in the reionization epoch. In the observed [O iii] λ λ 4960,5008 doublets of these luminous quasars, broad components are more common than narrow core components (≤ 1200 km s−1), and only one quasar shows stronger narrow components than broad. Two quasars exhibit significantly broad and blueshifted [O iii] emission, thought to trace galactic-scale outflows, with median velocities of −610 and −1430 km s−1 relative to the [C ii] 158 μm line. All eight quasars show strong optical Fe ii emission and follow the eigenvector 1 relations defined by low-redshift quasars. The entire ASPIRE program will eventually cover 25 quasars and provide a statistical sample for the studies of the BHs and quasar spectral properties.Peer reviewe