Mapping of the 2018 Heavy Rain Disaster in the Southern Part of Hiroshima Prefecture

これまでに発生した土砂災害，洪水，地震，津波などの災害の様子を示した地図をディザスターマップ（災害記録地図）と呼ぶことを提案し，その一例として平成30年7月豪雨直後から行った災害を記録する活動内容を報告した。平成30年7月豪雨によって広島県南部では多数の斜面崩壊が発生し，甚大な被害が生じた。広島大学の調査団を中心に，豪雨直後からその後約1年半に渡り，災害の情報を整理し，被害の様子を記録するディザスターマップの作成を行ってきた。具体的には地理情報システム（GIS）を用いて斜面崩壊の発生状況を示す地図や，被災の様子を記録した写真を撮影位置に配置した地図の作成である。本稿ではこのようなディザスターマップの作成経緯や内容などの記述に加え，今後の防災教育などにおいてのこれらの地図の活用の可能性について予察的な考察を行った。本稿では，過去のすべての災禍を「古災害」（paleo-disaster）と呼ぶことを提案した。ディザスターマップの作成を含め，過去の災禍についてそれぞれの広がりや履歴が明らかにされる研究が進展することを期待したい。A massive disaster, including a large number of slope movements and the flooding of large rivers, was triggered by record-breaking torrential rain in July 2018 over a broad area of western Japan. Severe damage in the southern part of Hiroshima prefecture was mainly caused by the debris flow, with a total of 108 people reported killed or missing. The geographer group for “the Hiroshima University Disaster Investigation Team for July Torrential Rain of 2018” recorded the distribution of slope movements as geographical data and prepared detailed maps on the geographic information system (GIS) since just after its initiation. The authors also created “disaster maps” with photographs of locations of slope movements, broken artificial features, and floods taken in the field were depicted in Higashihiroshima City, where the largest number of slope movements occurred in Hiroshima prefecture. In this paper, we described the process of making these maps and their contents, and the possibility of utilizing them for disaster prevention education. We also proposed referring to all past disasters as “paleo-disaster” to progress the research that reveals the distribution and history of past disasters

Comparative Study of 5-Day and 10-Day Cefditoren Pivoxil Treatments for Recurrent Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococcus pharyngitis in Children

Efficacy of short-course therapy with cephalosporins for treatment of group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) pharyngitis is still controversial. Subjects were 226 children with a history of at least one episode of GABHS pharyngitis. Recurrence within the follow-up period (3 weeks after initiation of therapy) occurred in 7 of the 77 children in the 5-day treatment group and in 1 of the 149 children in the 10-day treatment group; the incidence of recurrence being significantly higher in the 5-day treatment group. Bacteriologic treatment failure (GABHS isolation without overt pharyngitis) at follow-up culture was observed in 7 of the 77 children in the 5-day treatment group and 17 of the 149 children in the 10-day treatment group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. A 5-day course of oral cephalosporins is not always recommended for treatment of GABHS pharyngitis in children who have repeated episodes of pharyngitis

Nanocomposite of silk fibroin nanofiber and montmorillonite: Fabrication and morphology

The purpose of our research is creating a new nanocomposite material. Generally silk fibroin (SF) is regarded as a promising base material for biomedical uses. The incorporation of montmorillonite (MMT) into SF fibers would improve physical properties of the SF fibers. We investigated a new method of combining electospun SF with MMT. Specifically, electrospun silk nanofibers were treated with methanol and dipped in a MMT suspension. We could obtain a nanosheet composite of silk nanofibers and MMT. Their ultrastructures were successfully visualized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. This compound was comprised of individual silk nanofibers surrounded by thin layers of MMT, each with a thickness of about 1.2 nm. This structure was confirmed by elemental analysis. We also performed IR, NMR and X-ray diffraction analyses in conjunction with morphological data. Conclusively we obtained a new composite of silk nanofiber and MMT, which has never been reported. Using this unique nanocomposite biological tests of its application for a scaffold for tissue engineering are under way.ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES. 57:124-128 (2013)journal articl

ビョウインカン レンケイ デ シャカイ フッキ オ メザス : ヤク 10プンカン ノ シンテイシ ニモ カカワラズ ビョウインカン レンケイ デ シャカイ フッキシタ Brugada ショウコウグン ノ イチレイ オ ツウジテ

Background : We present a case of Brugada syndrome, who fully recovered from out-ofhospital cardiac arrest（OHCA）because of good coordination between the emergency room（ER） of a community hospital and the intensive care unit（ICU）of a university hospital. However, effects of inter-hospital coordination on outcomes after OHCA need further elucidation. Objectives : To clarify the role of inter-hospital coordination in OHCA cases in Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan. Methods : In accordance with the Utstein-style, we reviewed medical records of OHCA patients who visited our ER from April２００９to December２０１１. Results : Of１４９cases,５３patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation（ROSC）after OHCA. While seven patients experienced witnessed cardiogenic arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, ３patients（４２．９％）among them survived at １month and ２patients（２８．６％）obtained satisfactory neurological recovery. Discussions : The survival rate of OHCA patients in our ER was better compared to the national survey. We speculated the reason of good outcome was that we appropriately transferred the patients to the advanced hospital ICU for high-integrity care. Good inter-hospital coordination should be organized to enhance full recovery in OHCA patients. This strategy may also prevent the concentration of patients requiring emergency medical care to few specific hospitals such as emergency medical centers. Conclusions : We rescued a case of OHCA thanks to good inter-hospital coordination. We should develop a safety net further for community residents