Monte-Carlo Simulation of Domain-Wall Network in Two-dimensional Extended Supersymmetric Theory

We will show that 2-dimensional N=2-extended supersymmetric theory can have solitonic solution using the Hamilton-Jacobi method of classical mechanics. Then it is shown that the Bogomol'nyi mass bound is saturated by these solutions and triangular mass inequality is satisfied. At the end, we will mention domain-wall structure in 3-dimensional spacetime.Comment: Talk given at International Symposium on Non-Equilibrium and Nonlinear Dynamics in Nuclear and Other Finite Systems held at May 21-25, 2001 in Beijing. 7 pages, 4 figure

ステロイド テイコウセイ Kasabach-Merritt ショウコウグン ニ タイスル テイセンリョウ ホウシャセン チリョウ

From 1990 to 2001, a total of five hemangioma patients with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome received radiation therapy at Tohoku University Hospital. Steroids were administered before, during and after radiation therapy to all of the patients and interferon-α was administered to two patients. Radiation therapy was administered with a 4 MV X-ray was in four patients and a 12 MeV electron in one patient. Planned target volume included hemangioma with a 1-2 cm margin in all directions. A radiation dose of 3-3.5Gy was administered in 3-5 fractions. Rapid and transient increase of platelet count was observed in three patients. In two patients, an additional course of radiation was administered and the second course of radiation seemed to be effective for both. Of the three patients with hemangioma of the extremities, growth inhibition of irradiated extremities was not observed, and, in fact, elongation of extremities was observed in two patients. In one patient, lymphangioma developed from irradiated hemangioma. Although no serious late complications were observed in our series, 3-3.5Gy of radiation therapy for KMS seems to be insufficient to obtain rapid and stable improvement of thrombocytopenia.　Key words：Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, Radiation therapy, Low-dos

Free Will and the Divergence Problem

This paper presents what the authors call the ‘divergence problem’ regarding choosing between different future possibilities. As is discussed in the first half, the central issue of the problem is the difficulty of temporally locating the ‘active cause’ on the modal divergent diagram. In the second half of this paper, we discuss the ‘second-person freedom’ which is, strictly, neither compatibilist negative freedom nor incompatibilist positive freedom. The divergence problem leads us to two hypothetical views (i.e. the view of single-line determination and that of one-off chance), and these views bring humans closer to the afree side – i.e. outside of the contrast between being free and being unfree. The afree side is greatly different from the ordinary human side. This paper tries to secure the second-person freedom as a substitute for the ordinary human freedom while preventing the divergence problem from arising

Quantum Unpredictability

Unpredictable functions (UPFs) play essential roles in classical cryptography, including message authentication codes (MACs) and digital signatures. In this paper, we introduce a quantum analog of UPFs, which we call unpredictable state generators (UPSGs). UPSGs are implied by pseudorandom function-like states generators (PRFSs), which are a quantum analog of pseudorandom functions (PRFs), and therefore UPSGs could exist even if one-way functions do not exist, similar to other recently introduced primitives like pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs), one-way state generators (OWSGs), and EFIs. In classical cryptography, UPFs are equivalent to PRFs, but in the quantum case, the equivalence is not clear, and UPSGs could be weaker than PRFSs. Despite this, we demonstrate that all known applications of PRFSs are also achievable with UPSGs. They include IND-CPA-secure secret-key encryption and EUF-CMA-secure MACs with unclonable tags. Our findings suggest that, for many applications, quantum unpredictability, rather than quantum pseudorandomness, is sufficient.Comment: 38 pages, 1 figur

Quantum Unpredictability

Unpredictable functions (UPFs) play essential roles in classical cryptography, including message authentication codes (MACs) and digital signatures. In this paper, we introduce a quantum analog of UPFs, which we call unpredictable state generators (UPSGs). UPSGs are implied by pseudorandom function-like states generators (PRFSs), which are a quantum analog of pseudorandom functions (PRFs), and therefore UPSGs could exist even if one-way functions do not exist, similar to other recently introduced primitives like pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs), one-way state generators (OWSGs), and EFIs. In classical cryptography, UPFs are equivalent to PRFs, but in the quantum case, the equivalence is not clear, and UPSGs could be weaker than PRFSs. Despite this, we demonstrate that all known applications of PRFSs are also achievable with UPSGs. They include IND-CPA-secure secret-key encryption and EUF-CMA-secure MACs with unclonable tags. Our findings suggest that, for many applications, quantum unpredictability, rather than quantum pseudorandomness, is sufficient