Factors Affecting Outcomes of Stereoacuity in Partially Refractive Accommodative Esotropia with Motor Success Treated by Preoperative Prism Correction and Surgery

Teiji Yagasaki,1,2 Yoshimi Yokoyama,2 Ayaka Yagasaki,1,2 Kenta Hozumi,2 Sho Ichikawa2,3 1Yagasaki Eye Clinic, Ichinomiya, Aichi, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 3Chukyo Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, JapanCorrespondence: Teiji Yagasaki, Email [email protected]: Favorable stereoacuity does not develop in all patients with partially refractive accommodative esotropia (PRAET) successfully aligned, and there have been few previous reports on the factors influencing stereoacuity outcomes in patients with PRAET treated with prismatic correction (PPC) and/or surgery. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting stereoacuity outcomes in patients of PRAET treated with PPC and surgery.Study Design: Retrospective study.Methods: Sixty-six patients with alignment within 10 prism diopters at final visit with PPC and surgery were included. According to the final stereoacuity, patients were grouped into the fine group (≤ 60 arcsec (“)), the coarse group (60 “ 6 months, ≤ 2 years; late: > 2 years) was carried out with the Kruskal–Wallis test.Results: There were no differences in ages at initial PPC, at surgery, at final visit, durations of misalignment, of PPC, or after surgery; however, significant differences in ages at onset and initial visit were found. Age at onset in the absent group was significantly earlier than those of the fine and the coarse groups (p 2 years, 18 patients (72%) showed fine or coarse stereoacuity (p 2 years.Keywords: partially refractive accommodative esotropia, prism correction, stereoacuity, critical period, surger

Anomalous magnetotransport in (Y1−x_{1-x}Gdx_{x})Co2_{2} alloys: interplay of disorder and itinerant metamagnetism

New mechanism of magnetoresistivity in itinerant metamagnets with a structural disorder is introduced basing on analysis of experimental results on magnetoresistivity, susceptibility, and magnetization of structurally disordered alloys (Y$_{1-x}$Gd$_{x}$)Co$_{2}$. In this series, YCo$_{2}$ is an enhanced Pauli paramagnet, whereas GdCo$_{2}$ is a ferrimagnet (T$_{\rm c}$=400 K) with Gd sublattice coupled antiferromagnetically to the itinerant Co-3d electrons. The alloys are paramagnetic for $x < 0.12$. Large positive magnetoresistivity has been observed in the alloys with magnetic ground state at temperatures T$<$T$_{\rm c}$. We show that this unusual feature is linked to a combination of structural disorder and metamagnetic instability of itinerant Co-3d electrons. This new mechanism of the magnetoresistivity is common for a broad class of materials featuring a static magnetic disorder and itinerant metamagnetism.Comment: 7 pages 7 figure

Discrete embedded solitons

We address the existence and properties of discrete embedded solitons (ESs), i.e., localized waves existing inside the phonon band in a nonlinear dynamical-lattice model. The model describes a one-dimensional array of optical waveguides with both the quadratic (second-harmonic generation) and cubic nonlinearities. A rich family of ESs was previously known in the continuum limit of the model. First, a simple motivating problem is considered, in which the cubic nonlinearity acts in a single waveguide. An explicit solution is constructed asymptotically in the large-wavenumber limit. The general problem is then shown to be equivalent to the existence of a homoclinic orbit in a four-dimensional reversible map. From properties of such maps, it is shown that (unlike ordinary gap solitons), discrete ESs have the same codimension as their continuum counterparts. A specific numerical method is developed to compute homoclinic solutions of the map, that are symmetric under a specific reversing transformation. Existence is then studied in the full parameter space of the problem. Numerical results agree with the asymptotic results in the appropriate limit and suggest that the discrete ESs may be semi-stable as in the continuous case.Comment: A revtex4 text file and 51 eps figure files. To appear in Nonlinearit

Gap solitons in Bragg gratings with a harmonic superlattice

Solitons are studied in a model of a fiber Bragg grating (BG) whose local reflectivity is subjected to periodic modulation. The superlattice opens an infinite number of new bandgaps in the model's spectrum. Averaging and numerical continuation methods show that each gap gives rise to gap solitons (GSs), including asymmetric and double-humped ones, which are not present without the superlattice.Computation of stability eigenvalues and direct simulation reveal the existence of completely stable families of fundamental GSs filling the new gaps - also at negative frequencies, where the ordinary GSs are unstable. Moving stable GSs with positive and negative effective mass are found too.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to EP

Anomalous resistivity and thermopower of the spinel-type compounds CuIr2S4 and CuIr2Se4

Resistivity (ρ) and thermopower (S) of spinel-type compounds CuIr2S4 and CuIr2Se4 have been measured at temperatures from 2 to 900 K under magnetic field from 0 to 15 T. The thermopower is positive in the metallic phase of both compounds at high temperatures, as well as in the low-temperature insulating state of CuIr2S4. The positive thermopower of the insulating phase implies p-type charge carriers, in agreement with the recent photoemission results. The low-temperature resistivity of CuIr2S4 is in good agreement with the Efros-Shklovskii variable-range hopping conductivity mechanism: ρ=ρ0exp[(T*/T)1/2]. The most striking result is that the resistivity of the metallic phases is well described by an exponential-type temperature dependence in a wide temperature range from 2 K to at least 900 K. This unusual result for metals type of the resistivity temperature dependence, as well as other features in the transport properties, imply a nonconventional conductivity mechanism. The magnetoresistivity Δρ is positive and proportional to H2, while magnetothermopower ΔS=S(H,T)-S(0,T) is very small for both compounds at all temperature

Overexpression of β2-microglobulin is associated with poor survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and contributes to oral cancer cell migration and invasion

β2-Microglobulin (β2M), a component of MHC class I molecules, is believed to be associated with tumour status in various cancers. In this study, we examined the expression of β2M at different malignant stages of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). To determine the possible correlation between β2M expression and various clinical characteristics, 256 samples from patients with OCSCC were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Strong β2M expression was significantly correlated with a relatively advanced tumour stage (P<0.001), positive nodal status (P<0.001), and TNM stage (P<0.001). The cumulative 5-year survival rate was significantly correlated with a relatively advanced tumour stage (P<0.001), positive nodal status (P<0.001), TNM stage (P<0.001), and strong expression of β2M (P<0.001). Thus, elevated β2M expression is an indicator of poor survival (P<0.001). In addition, we extended our analysis of β2M expression to the FaDu and SCC25 oral cancer cell lines. β2-Microglobulin expression was positively correlated with cell migration and invasion in β2M-overexpressing transfectants in Transwell chambers. The suppression of β2M expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) was sufficient to decrease cell migration and invasion in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that β2M expression in the tissues is associated with survival and may be involved in tumour progression and metastasis in OCSCC

Tumoral CD105 is a novel independent prognostic marker for prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma

International audienceBackground: Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and metastasis. There are conflicting reports as to whether microvessel density (MVD) using the endothelial marker CD105 (cluster of differentiation molecule 105) in clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) is associated with prognosis. Recently, CD105 has been described as a RCC cancer stem cell marker.Methods: A total of 102 ccRCC were analysed. Representative tumour sections were stained for CD105. Vascularity (endothelial CD105) was quantified by MVD. The immunohistochemistry analysis detected positive (if present) or negative (if absent) CD105 tumoral staining. This retrospective population-based study was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier method, t-test and Cox proportional hazard model.Results: We found that the expression of endothelial CD105 (MVD) negatively correlated with nuclear grade (P<0.001), tumour stage (P<0.001) and Leibovitch score (P<0.001), whereas the expression of tumoral CD105 positively correlated with these three clinicopathological factors (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, tumoral CD105 was found to be an independent predictor of poor overall survival (P=0.002).Conclusions: We have shown for the first time that tumoral CD105 is an independent predictive marker for death risk and unfavourable prognosis in patients with ccRCC after curative resection