Hebrew nu: Grammaticization of a Borrowed Particle from Synchronic and Diachronic perspectives

Hebrew nu is a non-referential item borrowed into the language in the early days of revival of spoken Hebrew, as is the case for many discourse markers (Schiffrin 1987) in language contact situations (e. g., Brody 1987; Maschler 1988, 1994,2000; Salmons 1990; Matras 1998). Even-Shoshan’s dictionary (2003) classifies it as an interjection and provides the information that nu was “imported from the European languages”, which could be understood as mainly Russian (nu),Yiddish (nu), and possibly Polish (no). Even-Shoshan provides the meanings \u27efo (‘therefore’), hava (‘let us’), uvxen (‘well then’) – all words of rather high register. To these meanings, another dictionary (Avneyon 1998) adds a colloquial use: milat zeruz (‘an urging word’) and provides the example: nu kvar, bo! hasha\u27a me\u27uxeret! (‘nu already, come! It’s late!’)

Constructing a genre: Hebrew (\u27ani) lo yode\u27a / lo yoda\u27at ‘(I) don’t know’ on Israeli political radio phone-ins

We explore employment of the Hebrew construction (\u27ani) lo yode\u27a / lo yoda\u27at (lit ‘[I] not M/F-SG.know’), roughly equivalent to English ‘I don’t know’, by callers and hosts in 80 interactions on Israeli political radio phonein programs, as compared with its functions in casual conversation. Five uses were attested in the corpus of radio phone-ins and correlated with the syntactic form of complementation (if available) for each token of the construction: (i) expressing literal lack of knowledge; (ii) expressing epistemic stance of uncertainty / hedging; (iii) gaining cognitive processing time in the midst of self-repair; (iv) expressing affective stance of contempt or criticism; and (v) avoidance strategies. While most of these uses are common to both genres, some are unattested in casual conversation. By exploring the functions of the (\u27ani) lo yode\u27a / lo yoda\u27at construction and their distribution according to institutional role, the study (i) sheds further light on the use of the construction and its evolvement through use; and (ii) shows how hosts and callers exploit this specific construction in ways that establish the Israeli political radio phonein institutional genre

Hypothalamus–Muscle Parallel Induction of Metabolic Pathways Following Physical Exercise

The modern lifestyle requires less physical activity and skills during our daily routine, leading to multiple pathologies related to physical disabilities and energy accessibility. Thus, exploring the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation of exercise is crucial. Here, we characterized the effect of forced and voluntary endurance exercises on three key metabolic signaling pathways, sirtuins, AMPK, and mTOR, across several metabolic tissues in mice: brain, muscles, and liver. Both voluntary and forced exercises induced AMPK with higher intensity in the first. The comparison between those metabolic tissues revealed that the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, two brain parts, showed different metabolic signaling activities. Strikingly, despite the major differences in the physiology of muscles and hypothalamic tissues, the hypothalamus replicates the metabolic response of the muscle in response to physical exercise. Specifically, muscles and hypothalamic tissues showed an increase and a decrease in AMPK and mTOR signaling, respectively. Overall, this study reveals new insight into the relation between the hypothalamus and muscles, which enhances the coordination within the muscle–brain axis and potentially improves the systemic response to physical activity performance and delaying health inactivity disorders

Single cell dissection of plasma cell heterogeneity in symptomatic and asymptomatic myeloma

Multiple myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy, is the second most common blood cancer. Despite extensive research, disease heterogeneity is poorly characterized, hampering efforts for early diagnosis and improved treatments. Here, we apply single cell RNA sequencing to study the heterogeneity of 40 individuals along the multiple myeloma progression spectrum, including 11 healthy controls, demonstrating high interindividual variability that can be explained by expression of known multiple myeloma drivers and additional putative factors. We identify extensive subclonal structures for 10 of 29 individuals with multiple myeloma. In asymptomatic individuals with early disease and in those with minimal residual disease post-treatment, we detect rare tumor plasma cells with molecular characteristics similar to those of active myeloma, with possible implications for personalized therapies. Single cell analysis of rare circulating tumor cells allows for accurate liquid biopsy and detection of malignant plasma cells, which reflect bone marrow disease. Our work establishes single cell RNA sequencing for dissecting blood malignancies and devising detailed molecular characterization of tumor cells in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients

Health perceptions, self and body image, physical activity and nutrition among undergraduate students in Israel.

PURPOSE: This study examines health perceptions, self and body image, physical exercise and nutrition among undergraduate students. METHODS: A structured, self-reported questionnaire was administered to more than 1500 students at a large academic institute in Israel. The study population was heterogenic in both gender and fields of academic study. RESULTS: High correlations between health perceptions, appropriate nutrition, and positive self and body image were found. The relationships between these variables differed between the subpopulation in the sample and the different genders. Engagement in physical exercise contributed to positive body image and positive health perceptions more than engagement in healthy nutrition. Nutrition students reported higher frequencies of positive health perceptions, positive self and body image and higher engagement in physical exercise in comparison to all other students in the sample. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests, as have many before, that successful health promotion policy should reflect a collectivist rather than an individualist ethos by providing health prerequisites through a public policy of health-promotion, where the academic settings support a healthy lifestyle policy, by increasing availability of a healthy, nutritious and varied menu in the cafeterias, and offering students various activities that enhance healthy eating and exercise. IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION: This study examined health perceptions, self-image, physical exercise and nutrition among undergraduate students and found high correlations between these topics. Nutrition students reported higher frequencies of positive health perceptions, and positive self and body image and engaged more in physical exercise when compared with all other students in the sample

The distribution of various healthy lifestyle measures by field of academic study (%).

<p>N Total = 1,554 (Nutrition n = 69, Physiotherapy n = 125, All others in the sample n = 1,360). P<0.01**, p<0.001***.</p

Odds ratio of healthy lifestyle measures logistic regression outcomes.

<p>Odds ratio (Confidence interval of differences 95%) P<0.01**,</p><p>p<0.001***.</p

Distribution of variables by gender (%).

<p>Pearson Chi-Square test of independence: *p<0.05,</p>**<p>p<0.01,</p>***<p>p<0.001.</p