Analyse du mode de gestion de la forêt classée de Maro face à des pressions agropastorales au Burkina Faso

Les forêts classées au Burkina Faso, malgré les différentes mesures qui règlementent leurs accès, subissent de nos jours, une forte pression anthropique. Pour mieux appréhender cette pression, l’étude est portée sur la forêt classée de Maro. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser le mode de gestion des ressources naturelles de la forêt classée de Maro au regard des pressions agropastorales. La démarche méthodologique par enquête à travers des interviews structurées et basée sur une approche systémique de 87 acteurs, a permis de déterminer les facteurs physiques de la pratique agropastorale et d’analyser l’implication des acteurs dans le processus de gestion de la forêt. Les résultats de cette analyse montrent au niveau des facteurs physiques que la non maitrise de la limite de la forêt, la recherche de terres fertiles ainsi que la recherche d’alimentation pour le bétail sont des facteurs clés qui favorisent la pratique agropastorale à l’intérieur de cette forêt. Au niveau de l’implication des acteurs, les résultats révèlent une insuffisance d’implication de tous les acteurs dans le processus de gestion des ressources naturelles forestières de la forêt classée de Maro. Pour réduire ces pratiques agropastorales, il sera nécessaire de développer des pratiques innovantes de gestion durable des terres, favoriser la visibilité des limites de la forêt au profit de la population et créer un cadre de concertation entre acteurs. Afin de garantir une gestion efficace, il serait nécessaire d’élaborer et rendre opérationnel un dispositif de surveillance. Despite the various measures that regulate access to classified forests in Burkina Faso, they are currently under strong anthropogenic pressure. To better understand this pressure, the study is focused on the Maro classified forest. In this context, the main objective of this article is to analyse the management of the natural resources of the Maro classified forest in relation to agropastoral pressures. The methodological approach by survey through structured interviews and based on a systemic approach of eighty-seven (87) stakeholders, made it possible to determine the physical factors of agropastoral practice and to analyze the involvement of stakeholders in the forest management process. The results of this analysis show in terms of physical factors that the lack of control of the forest boundary, the search for fertile land and the search for livestock feed are key factors that promote agropastoral practice in the interior of this forest. In terms of stakeholder involvement, the results reveal a lack of involvement of all stakeholders in the management process of the natural forest resources of the Maro classified forest. In order to reduce these agro-pastoral practices, it will be necessary to develop innovative sustainable land management practices, promote the visibility of forest boundaries for the benefit of the population and create a framework for consultation between stakeholders. In order to guarantee effective management, it will be necessary to develop and make operational a monitoring system

Carotenoids content and antibacterial activity from galls of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (combretaceae).

Guiera senegalensis is a well known medicinal plant which is used as a drug in Burkina Faso. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the carotenoids content and antibacterial activity from galls of Guiera senegalensis. The hydroacetonic extract (HAE) exhibited the highest of β-carotene (4.67±0.25 mg/g) and lycopene (0.99±0.0735 mg/g) content. The extracts and fractions of galls exhibited antimicrobial activity against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. We observed an inhibitory activity of the extracts against Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061 and Staphylococus aureus ATCC 6538 which showed a resistance to the penicillin and ampicillin. The ratio of the MBC and the MIC showed that the hydroacetonic extract is bactericidal against all the bacterial strains used except for Proteus mirabilis ATCC 35659. The aqueous decoction extract is bactericidal against all the bacterial species tested. The present study thus suggested that galls from G senegalensis may be used as a new potential source of natural nutraceutical components

Diagnostic moléculaire du Cytomégalovirus (CMV), de l’herpès virus humain de type 6 (HHV6) et d’Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) par PCR en temps réel chez les femmes enceintes VIH séropositives et séronégatives à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: les herpès virus EBV, CMV et HHV-6 sont des virus qui évoluent sous le modèle pandémique et sont responsables d’infections congénitales pouvant provoquer des séquelles graves chez les nouveau-nés. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les prévalences de CMV, EBV et HHV-6 chez les femmes enceintes VIH(+) et VIH(-) à Ouagadougou. Méthodes: dans cette étude 200 échantillons de plasma sanguin de femmes enceintes dont 100 femmes VIH(+) et 100 femmes VIH(-) ont été diagnostiqués par PCR multiplex en temps réel pour les trois infections (EBV, CMV et HHV-6). Résultats: sur l’ensemble des 200 échantillons analysés, 18 (9,0%) étaient positifs à au moins un des trois virus, 12 (6,0%) étaient positifs au EBV, 13 (6,5%) au CMV et 12 (6,0%) positifs au HHV-6. Parmi les 18 cas d’infections, nous avons trouvé 10 cas (55,6%) de coïnfections dont 90,0% (9/10) d’infection multiple EBV/CMV/HHV6 et 10,0% de coinfection EBV/HHV6. Le taux d’infection HHVs était plus élevé chez les femmes VIH(-) que celles VIH(+) (12,0% versus 6,0%). Parmi les VIH(+), la PCR a révélé 7,1% (soit 6/85) d’infection HHVs chez celles qui n’étaient pas sous ARV contre 0% chez celles sous ARV. Conclusion: les herpès virus sont fréquents chez les femmes enceintes au Burkina Faso et pourraient constituer une menace chez ces dernières à cause des complications et des risques d’infection pour le nouveau-né.The Pan African Medical Journal 2016;2

Vulnérabilité des populations à la chaleur extrême

International audienc

Chaleur et fréquentation des structures sanitaires en milieu urbain, le cas de Ouagadougou

International audienc

The dynamic role of household structure on child mortality in southern and eastern sub-Saharan Africa

Households are where children are born and grow up, where they receive essential care, including time, socio-psychological support and economic resources. Households can also change over a child’s life. We consider the dynamic role of household structure in child mortality in South and Eastern Africa using longitudinal data from 16 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems between 1990 and 2016, covering ~625,000 under-five year olds. We account for household structure as time-varying, using the number of household members by age and sex, and a typology of households, in semi-parametric Cox models estimating the risk of death among under-five year olds. We find that under-five year old children experience on average six changes in household structure. In contrast to expectations, more working aged adults in the household does not reduce the risk of child death. The presence of over 65 year olds in the household adversely affects child survival, likely because they are also dependents, competing for resources. Our findings suggest that (in)stability of households is important to consider in evaluating child survival

The Crucial Role of Mothers and Siblings in Child Survival: Evidence from 29 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

There is a considerable body of research on the effects of siblings on child mortality through birth intervals. This research commonly focuses on older siblings. We argue that birth intervals with younger siblings may have equal or stronger effects on child mortality, even during a mother’s pregnancy. Moreover, we contend that birth interval effects need to be considered only when siblings are co-resident. Using longitudinal data from 29 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems across sub-Saharan Africa, covering over 560,000 children, we examine the proximate role of siblings and mothers in child mortality. We find that a minimum 24-month birth interval is advantageous between both older and younger siblings. The effect of a younger sibling on child mortality is more pronounced and is present in addition to that of an older sibling. Moreover, child mortality is further found to be particularly low during a mother’s subsequent pregnancy, contrasting the shock resulting from a younger sibling’s birth. Further, we find that when a mother or sibling is absent from the household there is a higher risk of mortality, and the death of either reduces child survival up to six months before the death

Understanding premarital pregnancies among adolescents and young women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

In developing countries, young women between 15 and 24 years of age account for more than 40% of unsafe abortions due to the high number of unwanted and/or out-of-wedlock pregnancies. However, much about the profile of adolescents and young women who usually experience premarital pregnancies remains unknown. This study sought to understand the risk of pregnancy before marriage among adolescents and young women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. By using longitudinal data from a demographic surveillance system, we tested the explanatory power of two theoretical assumptions on premarital childbearing in sub-Saharan Africa, which assumptions are the cultural inheritance model and the social capital model. The results confirmed the explanatory power of the cultural inheritance model on the one hand and partially confirmed the power of the social capital model on the other hand. These results highlight the need for a multipronged approach to sexual and reproductive health for young people. Efforts against premarital pregnancies among adolescents and young women would be more effective if they were based on participatory approaches, incorporating actions at both community and institutional levels, as suggested by the recent Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents logical framework

Reunifying and separating: An analysis of residential arrangements of migrant couples in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

International audienceThis paper offers new evidence on the residential arrangements of couples in the context of migration and urbanisation in Africa, focusing on the case of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso's capital city. We use a mixed-methods approach, combining data from a survey on the family histories of migrants merged with data from the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System and qualitative interviews. The objective is to analyse how the migrants themselves perceive "living apart together", the extent of this phenomenon, its timing, and the factors influencing it. The longitudinal nature of our data specifically allows for the study of the drivers of couple reunification in Ouagadougou and of the physical separation of partners, whereby one goes to live away from Ouagadougou. Our results reveal that 25% of migrants in a union had a partner living outside Ouagadougou in 2015, and that the residential arrangements of such couples were associated with gender relations, family cycle, and integration into the city