Statistical analysis on spatial correlation of ionospheric day-to-day variability by using GPS and Incoherent Scatter Radar observations

In this paper, the spatial correlations of ionospheric day-to-day variability are investigated by statistical analysis on GPS and Incoherent Scatter Radar observations. The meridional correlations show significant (>0.8) correlations in the latitudinal blocks of about 6 degrees size on average. Relative larger correlations of TEC's day-to-day variabilities can be found between magnetic conjugate points, which may be due to the geomagnetic conjugacy of several factors for the ionospheric day-to-day variability. The correlation coefficients between geomagnetic conjugate points have an obvious decrease around the sunrise and sunset time at the upper latitude (60°) and their values are bigger between the winter and summer hemisphere than between the spring and autumn hemisphere. The time delay of sunrise (sunset) between magnetic conjugate points with a high dip latitude is a probable reason. Obvious latitude and local time variations of meridional correlation distance, latitude variations of zonal correlation distance, and altitude and local time variations of vertical correlation distance are detected. Furthermore, there are evident seasonal variations of meridional correlation distance at higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and local time variations of zonal correlation distance at higher latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. These variations can generally be interpreted by the variations of controlling factors, which may have different spatial scales. The influences of the occurrence of ionospheric storms could not be ignored. Further modeling and data analysis are needed to address this problem. We suggest that our results are useful in the specific modeling/forecasting of ionospheric variability and the constructing of a background covariance matrix in ionospheric data assimilation

Impact of elevated precipitation, nitrogen deposition and warming on soil respiration in a temperate desert

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs) is the most important source of carbon dioxide emissions from soil to atmosphere. However, it is unclear what the interactive response of Rs would be to environmental changes such as elevated precipitation, nitrogen (N) deposition and warming, especially in unique temperate desert ecosystems. To investigate this an in situ field experiment was conducted in the Gurbantunggut Desert, northwest China, from September 2014 to October 2016. The results showed that precipitation and N deposition significantly increased Rs, but warming decreased Rs, except in extreme precipitation events, which was mainly through its impact on the variation of soil moisture at 5 cm depth. In addition, the interactive response of Rs to combinations of the factors was much less than that of any single-factor, and the main response was a positive effect, except for the response from the interaction of increased precipitation and high N deposition (60 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Although Rs was found to show a unimodal change pattern with the variation of soil moisture, soil temperature and soil NH4+-N content, and it was significantly positively correlated to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH, a structural equation model found that soil temperature was the most important controlling factor. Those results indicated that Rs was mainly interactively controlled by the soil multi-environmental factors and soil nutrients, and was very sensitive to elevated precipitation, N deposition and warming. However, the interactions of multiple factors largely reduced between-year variation of Rs more than any single-factor, suggesting that the carbon cycle in temperate deserts could be profoundly influenced by positive carbon–climate feedback. </jats:p

Prospects of cold dark matter searches with an ultra-low-energy germanium detector

The report describes the research program on the development of ultra-low-energy germanium detectors, with emphasis on WIMP dark matter searches. A threshold of 100 eV is achieved with a 20 g detector array, providing a unique probe to the low-mas WIMP. Present data at a surface laboratory is expected to give rise to comparable sensitivities with the existing limits at the $\rm{5 - 10 GeV}$ WIMP-mass range. The projected parameter space to be probed with a full-scale, kilogram mass-range experiment is presented. Such a detector would also allow the studies of neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering and neutrino magnetic moments.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of TAUP-2007 Conferenc

Production of the neutral top-pion πt0\pi_{t}^{0} in association with a high-pTp_{T} jet at the LHCLHC

In the framework of the topcolor-assisted technicolor $(TC2)$ model, we study production of the neutral top-pion $\pi_{t}^{0}$ in association with a high-$p_{T}$ jet at the $LHC$, which proceeds via the partonic processes $gg\longrightarrow \pi_{t}^{0}g$, $gq\longrightarrow \pi_{t}^{0}q$, $q\bar{q}\longrightarrow \pi_{t}^{0}g$, $gb(\bar{b})\longrightarrow \pi_{t}^{0}b(\bar{b})$, and $b\bar{b}\longrightarrow \pi_{t}^{0}g$. We find that it is very challenging to detect the neutral top-pion $\pi_{t}^{0}$ via the process $pp\longrightarrow \pi_{t}^{0}+jet+X\to t\bar{t}+jet+X$, while the possible signatures of $\pi_{t}^{0}$ might be detected via the process $pp\longrightarrow \pi_{t}^{0}+jet+X\to(\bar{t}c+t\bar{c})+jet+X$ at the $LHC$.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures; typos correcte

The Couplings of Rock/Carbonate Groundwater/Cement Leachate

Hyper-alkaline cement leachates generated from the cement buffer of a nuclear waste disposal site have significant influences on the mineralogy of the host rock, creating a chemically disturbed zone (CDZ). Three major types of cement leachates are formed during the evolution process. Most of the existing scenario modelling research has been focused on the influence of the cement leachate on the host rock. However, the influence of the groundwater in the host rock on the evolution of the CDZ remains unexplored. This paper presents a numerical scenario modelling of the couplings among carbonate groundwater, cement leachates and rock minerals. The results reveal that the high carbonate groundwater significantly affects the precipitation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcite, and consequently alters the physical and chemical properties of the host rock. This finding provides an essential guide for selection of the location of geological disposal facility (GDF) in terms of the groundwater chemistry

Constraining Radon Backgrounds in LZ

The LZ dark matter detector, like many other rare-event searches, will suffer from backgrounds due to the radioactive decay of radon daughters. In order to achieve its science goals, the concentration of radon within the xenon should not exceed $2\mu$Bq/kg, or 20 mBq total within its 10 tonnes. The LZ collaboration is in the midst of a program to screen all significant components in contact with the xenon. The four institutions involved in this effort have begun sharing two cross-calibration sources to ensure consistent measurement results across multiple distinct devices. We present here five preliminary screening results, some mitigation strategies that will reduce the amount of radon produced by the most problematic components, and a summary of the current estimate of radon emanation throughout the detector. This best estimate totals $<17.3$ mBq, sufficiently low to meet the detector's science goals.Comment: Low Radioactivity Techniques (LRT) 2017 Workshop Proceedings. 6 pages; 3 figure

Testing Little Higgs Mechanism at Future Colliders

In the framework of the little higgs scenario, coupling constants of several interactions are related to each other to guarantee the stability of the higgs boson mass at one-loop level. This relation is called the little higgs mechanism. We discuss how accurately the relation can be tested at future e+e- colliders, with especially focusing on the top sector of the scenario using a method of effective lagrangian. In order to test the mechanism at the top sector, it is important to measure the Yukawa coupling of the top partner. We consider higgs associated production and threshold production of the top partner, and find that the mechanism can be tested precisely using the associate production when the center of mass energy is large enough. The threshold production also allows us to test it even if the center mass energy is not so large.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables ; v2 minor correction

Probing the lightest new gauge boson BHB_H in the littlest Higgs model via the processes γγ→ffˉBH\gamma\gamma \to f\bar{f}B_H at the ILC

The neutral gauge boson $B_H$ with the mass of hundreds GeV, is the lightest particle predicted by the littlest Higgs(LH) model, and such particle should be the first signal of the LH model at the planed ILC if it exists indeed. In this paper, we study some processes of the $B_H$ production associated with the fermion pair at the ILC, i.e., $\gamma\gamma\to f\bar{f}B_{H}$. The studies show that the most promising processes to detect $B_H$ among $\gamma\gamma\to f\bar{f}B_{H}$ are $\gamma\gamma\to l'^+l'^-B_{H}(l'=e,\mu)$, and they can produce the sufficient signals in most parameter space preferred by the electroweak precision data at the ILC. On the other hand, the signal produced via the certain $B_H$ decay modes is typical and such signal can be easily identified from the SM background. Therefore, $B_H$, the lightest gauge boson in the LH model would be detectable at the photon collider realized at the ILC.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Testing Technicolor Models in Top Quark Pair Production at High Energy Photon Colliders

We study pseudo-Goldstone boson corrections to top quark pair production rates in technicolor models with and without topcolor at the E=0.5 teV and 1.5 TeV photon colliders. We find that, for reasonable ranges of the parameters, the corrections are large enough to be observable, and the corrections in models with topcolor are considerably larger than those in models without topcolor, and they are all significantly larger than the corresponding corrections in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with tan(beta) of the order of 1. So that the two kinds of technicolor models and the MSSM with tan(beta) of the order of 1 can be experimentally distinguished.Comment: Version for publication in Phys.Rev.D with some references and discussions added and some typos correcte