Alfv\'en wave-driven wind from RGB and AGB stars

We develop a magnetohydrodynamical model of Alfv\'en wave-driven wind in open magnetic flux tubes piercing the stellar surface of Red Giant Branch (RGB) and Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, and investigate the physical properties of the winds. The model simulations are carried out along the evolutionary tracks of stars with initial mass in the range of 1.5 to 3.0 $M_{\odot}$ and initial metallicity $Z_{\rm ini}$=0.02. The surface magnetic field strength being set to be 1G, we find that the wind during the evolution of star can be classified into the following four types; the first is the wind with the velocity higher than 80 km s$^{-1}$ in the RGB and early AGB (E-AGB) phases; the second is the wind with outflow velocity less than 10 km s$^{-1}$ seen around the tip of RGB or in the E-AGB phase; the third is the unstable wind in the E-AGB and thermally pulsing AGB (TP-AGB) phases; the fourth is the stable massive and slow wind with the mass-loss rate higher than 10$^{-7} M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ and the outflow velocity lower than 20 km s$^{-1}$ in the TP-AGB phase. The mass-loss rates in the first and second types of wind are two or three orders of magnitude lower than the values evaluated by an empirical formula. The presence of massive and slow wind of the fourth type suggests the possibility that the massive outflow observed in TP-AGB stars could be attributed to the Alfv\'en wave-driven wind.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Preparation And Characterization Of Composite Hollow Fiber Reverse Osmosis Membranes By Plasma Polymerization. 2. Reproducibility Of The Plasma Polymerization Process And Durability Of The Resulting Coated Membrane

The reproducibility of the plasma polymerization process was examined in a semicontinuous coating of hollow fibers, 6 fibers in lengths of approximately 12-15 m, by evaluating the performance of reverse osmosis membranes. The uniformity of the coating along the length of hollow fibers, as well as the reproducibility of the process, was found to be satisfactory when electrodes were conditioned in the actual conditions of plasma polymerization to be employed and plasma polymerization conditions were carefully controlled. The durability of the coated hollow fibers was then investigated in the following test media: hot water, low pH, high pH, and 0.1% NaOCl solutions. A threshold value of glow discharge parameter W/FM was found to be crucial In the performance of the reverse osmosis membrane and durability of the coated hollow fibers. Plasma polymerized composite membranes showed remarkable durability. © 1984, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved

Evaluation Of Plasma Polymers Of Silanes As Adhesion Promoters For Organic Paint

Plasma-polymerized coatings were prepared in a bell-jar-type reactor equipped with a magnetron system behind parallel aluminum electrodes using an a.c. source of frequency 10 kHz. Tetramethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane and hexamethyldisilane were used as monomers. Alkyd paint was coated on titanium plates onto which plasma polymer films had been deposited, to investigate the characteristics of the plasma-deposited films as adhesion promoters. The relationship between the adhesion strength for the paint and the conditions for the plasma polymerization was studied. The properties of the plasma polymers are dependent on the conditions of plasma polymerization manifested by two domains, namely the energy-deficient and the monomer-deficient regions. In the energy-deficient region, the differences due to the monomer structure can be clearly observed; however, in this region the adhesion of the plasma polymer film to the substrate metal is poor, and the plasma polymer does not serve as a good primer for the paint. In the monomer-deficient region (for this study a power input per unit mass of starting material of W/FM ≥ 1.7 x 109 J kg-1) improved adhesion of the paint is obtained; however, in this region the difference due to the monomer structure is found to be minimal. © 1984

Line nodes in the superconducting gap function of noncentrosymmetric CePt_3Si

The superconducting gap structure of recently discovered heavy fermion CePt_3Si without spatial inversion symmetry was investigated by thermal transport measurements down to 40 mK. In zero field a residual T-linear term was clearly resolved as T-> 0, with a magnitude in good agreement with the value expected for a residual normal fluid with a nodal gap structure, together with a T^2-dependence at high temperatures. With an applied magnetic fields, the thermal conductivity grows rapidly, in dramatic contrast to fully gapped superconductors, and exhibits one-parameter scaling with T/sqrt{H}. These results place an important constraint on the order parameter symmetry, that is CePt_3Si is most likely to have line nodes.Comment: 5pages, 3figures, accpted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Spontaneous alloying in binary metal microclusters - A molecular dynamics study -

Microcanonical molecular dynamics study of the spontaneous alloying(SA), which is a manifestation of fast atomic diffusion in a nano-sized metal cluster, is done in terms of a simple two dimensional binary Morse model. Important features observed by Yasuda and Mori are well reproduced in our simulation. The temperature dependence and size dependence of the SA phenomena are extensively explored by examining long time dynamics. The dominant role of negative heat of solution in completing the SA is also discussed. We point out that a presence of melting surface induces the diffusion of core atoms even if they are solid-like. In other words, the {\it surface melting} at substantially low temperature plays a key role in attaining the SA.Comment: 15 pages, 12 fgures, Submitted to Phys.Rev.

Systematic limits on sin^2{2theta_{13}} in neutrino oscillation experiments with multi-reactors

Sensitivities to sin^2{2theta_{13}} without statistical errors (``systematic limit'') are investigated in neutrino oscillation experiments with multiple reactors. Using an analytical approach, we show that the systematic limit on sin^2{2theta_{13}} is dominated by the uncorrelated systematic error sigma_u of the detector. Even in an experiment with multi-detectors and multi-reactors, it turns out that most of the systematic errors including the one due to the nature of multiple sources is canceled as in the case with a single reactor plus two detectors, if the near detectors are placed suitably. The case of the KASKA plan (7 reactors and 3 detectors) is investigated in detail, and it is explicitly shown that it does not suffer from the extra uncertainty due to multiple reactors.Comment: 26 pages, 10 eps-files, revtex