Multivariable H-Function with Application to Temperature Distribution in a Moving Medium

The Meijer's G-function has been obtained for the first time as a solution of a differential equation governing a heat conduction problem. The problem of temperature distribution in a moving medium between x = - 1 and x = 1 and having variable velocity and variable thermal conductivity is considered. Due to a general character of the G-function, many known and unknown results may be derived as particular cases. The modified multivariable H-function to obtain a particular solution has been employed

Characteristics of superplasticity domain in the processing map for hot working of as-cast Mg–11.5Li-1.5Al alloy

Processing map for hot working of as-cast Mg-11.5Li-1.5Al alloy has been developed in the temperature range 200–450°C and strain rate range 0.001-100 s−1. The map exhibited a single domain with a peak efficiency of 65% occurring at 400°C and 0.001 s−1. Under these conditions, the material exhibited abnormal elongation. On the basis of the elongation, the grain structure, the apparent activation energy for hot deformation (95 kJ mole−1) and the peak efficiency of power dissipation (65% corresponding to a strain rate sensitivity of about 0.5), the domain is interpreted to represent superplasticity. At strain rates higher than about 10 s−1, the material exhibits microstructural instability, while at temperatures of 450°C and a strain rate of 0.001 s−1, grain boundary cracking is observed

Processing map for hot working of alpha-zirconium

The hot deformation characteristics of alpha-zirconium in the temperature range of 650°C to 850°C and in the strain-rate range of 10-3 to 102 s-1 are studied with the help of a power dissipation map developed on the basis of the Dynamic Materials Model. The processing map describes the variation of the efficiency of power dissipation (η=2m/m + 1) calculated on the basis of the strain-rate sensitivity parameter (m), which partitions power dissipation between thermal and microstructural means. The processing map reveals a domain of dynamic recrystallization in the range of 730°C to 850°C and 10-2 to 1-1 with its peak efficiency of 40 pct at 800°C and 0.1 s-1 which may be considered as optimum hot-working parameters. The characteristics of dynamic recrystallization are similar to those of static recrystallization regarding the sigmoidal variation of grain size (or hardness) with temperature, although the dynamic recrystallization temperature is much higher. When deformed at 650°C and 10-3 s-1 texture-induced dynamic recovery occurred, while at strain rates higher than 1 s-1, alpha-zirconium exhibits microstructural instabilities in the form of localized shear bands which are to be avoided in processing

NOVEL CHRONOTHERAPEUTIC MULTIPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF FELODIPINE: AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA

Arrhythmia follows chronobiology, thus necessitating development of time-dependent formulation for its treatment. The aim of the current work was to develop a solubility-enhanced chronotherapeutic system of felodipine, a widely prescribed anti-arrhythmic. Systematically optimized hot-melt extrusion process was employed to formulate solubility-enhanced extrudates. Film-casting method was adopted for the selection of polymers. Drug released at 5, 15, 30min was taken as response variables in 32 face-centered cube design. Nearly 10-fold increase was observed in the solubility of the optimized extrudates in comparison to pure drug. Physical characterization of the extrudates depicted complete amorphization of drug. Sequential coating was performed on to the extrudates to enable a time-dependent release. In-vitro studies clearly demonstrated that 25% of drug was available rapidly within 10 min of administration. The remaining 75% of drug was available over a period of 4, 8 and 12h. Stability studies performed for 6 months at accelerated conditions depicted no significant change in the physicochemical characteristics of the optimized formulation. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies conducted in beagle dogs ratified the results of in-vitro studies where a sequential time dependent absorption of felodipine was observed over a period of 12h. Concisely, the studies demonstrated successful development of solubility-enhanced chronotherapeutic system of felodipine

Iodine nutrition and its assessment during pregnancy: a need for concern

Micro nutrient iodine was essential in biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH). These hormones play a vital role in the growth and development of human beings at various stages of life. TH are required for normal brain development at embryonic, fetal and at past natal stages. If deficiency of iodine occurs then thyroid hormone production was impaired, if deficiency of TH occurs it can cause irreversible damage of brain which leads to various disorders like metal retarded ness, cretinism and goiter known as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). When compared to normal adults, pregnant women and school children 5-12 years age are more vulnerable IDD. Due to the physiological variations during pregnancy iodine requirements rose significantly from 150 µg/day in non-pregnant adult women to 250 μg/day. However recent iodine nutrition studies showed adequate iodine status but few countries like Sweden and South Africa showed iodine deficiency. This review gives an over view on iodine nutrition on global front

Effect of Paclobutrazol on Fruit Quality Attributes in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Totapuri

Paclobutrazol application restricts vegetative growth while improving flowering and fruiting in mango. In the present study, effect of soil drenching with Paclobutrazol @ 3.0ml m-1 canopy diameter, applied during the 3rd week of August, on fruit quality attributes was investigated in cv. Totapuri. Parameters like fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), % acidity, and content of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, lycopene and individual sugars was estimated. Paclobutrazol application increased average fruit weight, TSS and content of ascorbic acid and total carotenoids, and reduced the acidity in fruits compared to fruits in untreated trees. Lycopene content was only marginally influenced by paclobutrazol. In fruits of paclobutrazol treated trees, increase of 23.4% in total sugars, 29.6% in reducing sugars, 77.4% in glucose and 27.8% in sucrose content was recorded over fruits from the untreated trees. Results indicated that, paclobutrazol application improved quality in mango fruit

Abruptio placentae: impact of early treatment on maternal and fetal outcomes

Background: Haemorrhage is the leading cause for maternal mortality in India as well as the world. Abruptio placenta is the second most common cause of antepartum haemorrhage and it is associated with sudden, severe and devastating maternal and fetal complications. The main objective of this study is to study the impact of early treatment on maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: This single center retrospective study includes all patients admitted at Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital, diagnosed to have abruptio placenta (grade II and grade III) from 01 July 2019 to 31 December 2019. In this study a total of 48 cases were included and data regarding time duration between onset of symptoms and initiation of treatment, clinical course and maternal and fetal outcomes was noted.Results: A total of 5059 deliveries occurred over six months. The incidence of placental abruption was found to be 0.94%. Patients receiving early care (30 cases, 62.5%) were found to have significantly better maternal outcomes (p=0.006, Chi square test) as well as fetal outcomes (p=0.007, Fischer’s exact test) than patients who received delayed care (18 cases, 37.5%).Conclusions: Abruptio placentae is an obstetric emergency and early diagnosis as well as initiation of treatment plays an important role in curbing complications. Strengthening of peripheral centers, availability of multi-disciplinary approach and educating health care staff as well as patients form the cornerstones of improved maternal and fetal outcomes

The expanding phenotype of MELAS caused by the m.3291T \u3e C mutation in the MT-TL1 gene

Crown Copyright © 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. m.3291T \u3e C mutation in the MT-TL1 gene has been infrequently encountered in association with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), however remains poorly characterized from a clinical perspective. In the following report we describe in detail the phenotypic features, long term follow up (\u3e 7 years) and management in a Caucasian family with MELAS due to the m.3291T \u3e C mutation and review the literature on m.3291T \u3e C mutation. The clinical phenotype in the proposita included overlapping features of MELAS, MERRF (Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber syndrome), MNGIE (Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), KSS (Kearns-Sayre Syndrome) and CPEO (Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia)