6-Formyl-2-naphthyl cis-1,5,7-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-aza­bicyclo­[3.3.1]nonane-7-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C23H23NO5, the C5N ring adopts an envelope conformation with a C atom as the flap, whilst the saturated C6 ring fused to it adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(8) loops

Fuzzy PID control of a two-link flexible manipulator

For a flexible manipulator system, the unwanted vibrations deteriorate usually the performance of the system due to the coupling of large overall motion and elastic vibration. This paper focuses on the active vibration control of a two-link flexible manipulator with piezoelectric materials. The multi flexible body dynamics (MFBD) model of the two-link flexible manipulator attached with piezoelectric sensors and actuators is established firstly. Based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), the motion equations of the manipulator system are derived and motion process and dynamic responses of the system are simulated. According to the time varying feature of system, a fuzzy PID controller is developed to depress the vibration. This controller can tune control gains online accommodating to the variation of the system. Control results obtained by the fuzzy PID control and the conventional PID control indicate that the fuzzy PID controller can effectively suppress the elastic vibration of the manipulator system and performs better than the conventional PID controller

Ionic effect on combing of single DNA molecules and observation of their force-induced melting by fluorescence microscopy

Molecular combing is a powerful and simple method for aligning DNA molecules onto a surface. Using this technique combined with fluorescence microscopy, we observed that the length of lambda-DNA molecules was extended to about 1.6 times their contour length (unextended length, 16.2 micrometers) by the combing method on hydrophobic polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) coated surfaces. The effects of sodium and magnesium ions and pH of the DNA solution were investigated. Interestingly, we observed force-induced melting of single DNA molecules.Comment: 12 page

Higgs boson decays to BcB_c meson in the fragmentation-function approach

In the paper, we present a calculation of the decay widths for the Higgs boson decays to the $B_c$, $B_c^*$, $B_c(2^1S_0)$ and $B_c^*(2^3S_1)$ mesons using the fragmentation-function approach. In the calculation, the fragmentation functions up to order $\alpha_s^3$ based on the nonrelativistic QCD factorization theory are used, and the decay widths for $H\to Q+X$ and $H \to g+X$ at the partonic level are calculated up to order $\alpha_s$. The large logarithms of $m_H^2/m_{Bc}^2$ are resummed up to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy by solving the evolution equations for the running quark masses and the fragmentation functions. Compared to the leading-order decay widths based on the nonrelativistic QCD approach, the decay widths based on the fragmentation-function approach that include the higher-order QCD corrections are reduced significantly. Our numerical results show that there are about $1.2\times 10^5$ $B_c$ events via the Higgs decays to be produced at the HL-LHC with $3ab^{-1}$, and about $1.6\times 10^6$ $B_c$ events via the Higgs decays to be produced at the HE-LHC with $15ab^{-1}$.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

Immune Responses Following Mouse Peripheral Nerve Xenotransplantation in Rats

Xenotransplantation offers a potentially unlimited source for tissues and organs for transplantation, but the strong xenoimmune responses pose a major obstacle to its application in the clinic. In this study, we investigate the rejection of mouse peripheral nerve xenografts in rats. Severe intragraft mononuclear cell infiltration, graft distension, and necrosis were detected in the recipients as early as 2 weeks after mouse nerve xenotransplantation. The number of axons in xenografts reduced progressively and became almost undetectable at week 8. However, mouse nerve xenotransplantation only led to a transient and moderate increase in the production of Th1 cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. The data implicate that cellular immune responses play a critical role in nerve xenograft rejection but that further identification of the major effector cells mediating the rejection is required for developing effective means to prevent peripheral nerve xenograft rejection

Movement of Bax from the Cytosol to Mitochondria during Apoptosis

Bax, a member of the Bcl-2 protein family, accelerates apoptosis by an unknown mechanism. Bax has been recently reported to be an integral membrane protein associated with organelles or bound to organelles by Bcl-2 or a soluble protein found in the cytosol. To explore Bcl-2 family member localization in living cells, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused to the NH2 termini of Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL. Confocal microscopy performed on living Cos-7 kidney epithelial cells and L929 fibroblasts revealed that GFP–Bcl-2 and GFP–Bcl-XL had a punctate distribution and colocalized with a mitochondrial marker, whereas GFP–Bax was found diffusely throughout the cytosol. Photobleaching analysis confirmed that GFP–Bax is a soluble protein, in contrast to organelle-bound GFP–Bcl-2. The diffuse localization of GFP–Bax did not change with coexpression of high levels of Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL. However, upon induction of apoptosis, GFP–Bax moved intracellularly to a punctate distribution that partially colocalized with mitochondria. Once initiated, this Bax movement was complete within 30 min, before cellular shrinkage or nuclear condensation. Removal of a COOH-terminal hydrophobic domain from GFP–Bax inhibited redistribution during apoptosis and inhibited the death-promoting activity of both Bax and GFP– Bax. These results demonstrate that in cells undergoing apoptosis, an early, dramatic change occurs in the intracellular localization of Bax, and this redistribution of soluble Bax to organelles appears important for Bax to promote cell death