Architecture of a Cyberphysical Avatar

REACTION 2012. 1st International workshop on Real-time and distributed computing in emerging applications. December 4th, 2012, San Juan, Puerto Rico.This paper introduces the concept of a cyberphysical avatar which is defined to be a semi-autonomous robotic system that adjusts to an unstructured environment and performs physical tasks subject to critical timing constraints while under human supervision. Cyberphysical avatar integrates the recent advance in three technologies: body-compliant control in robotics, neuroevolution in machine learning and QoS guarantees in realtime communication. Body-compliant control is essential for operator safety since cyberphysical avatars perform cooperative tasks in close proximity to humans. Neuroevolution technique is essential for ”programming” cyberphysical avatars inasmuch as they are to be used by non-experts for a large array of tasks, some unforeseen, in an unstructured environment. QoS-guaranteed realtime communication is essential to provide predictable, boundedtime response in human-avatar interaction. By integrating these technologies, we have built a prototype cyberphysical avatar testbed

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Hardware Challenges and Their Resolution in Advancing WirelessHART

Abstract-The requirements and solutions for industrial wireless mesh networks are much more challenging and complicated than those for the consumer mesh networks. This puts additional stress on existing hardware chips on the market for wireless mesh networks, which started as products marketed towards consumers. The reason why we talk about the IEEE 802.15.4 chips is because most of the industrial wireless mesh network standards converge on IEEE 802.15.4 as the physical and MAC layer standards. In this paper we selectively chronicle the challenges we faced with the IEEE 802.15.4 chips, the products targeted with ZigBee for the consumer market, to advance WirelessHART, the technology targeted for industrial process control. We also describe our resolution over the challenges and offer our wish list for the next generation IEEE 802.15.4 chips. I

Reliable and Real-time Communication in Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks

Abstract — Industrial wireless mesh networks are deployed in harsh and noisy environments for process measurement and control applications. Compared with wireless community networks, they have more stringent requirements on communication reliability and real-time performance. Missing or delaying of the process data by the network may severely degrade the overall control performance. In this paper, we abstract the primary reliability requirements in typical wireless industrial process control applications and define three types of reliable routing graphs for different communication purposes. We present efficient algorithms to construct them and describe the recovery mechanisms. Data link layer communication schedules between devices are further generated based on these graphs to achieve end-to-end real-time performance. We have built a complete WirelessHART communication system and integrated our solutions into its Network Manager. We demonstrate through extensive experiment results that our algorithms can achieve highly reliable routing, improved communication latency and stable realtime communication in large-scale networks at the cost of modest overheads in device configuration. I