Electron self-energy and effective mass in a single heterostructure

In this paper, we investigate the electron self-energy and effective mass in a single heterostructure using Green-function method. Numerical calculations of the electron self-energy and effective mass for GaAs/AlAs heterostructure are performed. The results show that the self energy (effective mass) of electron, which incorporate the energy of electron coupling to interface-optical phonons and half three-dimension LO phonons, monotonically increase(decrease) from that of interface polaron to that of 3D bulk polaron with the increase of the distance between the position of the electron and interface.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Isolation of nematicidal constituents from essential oil of Kaempferia galanga L rhizome and their activity against Heterodera avenae Wollenweber

Purpose: To explore the nematicidal activities of the essential oil of Kaempferia galanga rhizomes and its isolated constituents against Heterodera avenae.Methods: Essential oil of K. galanga rhizomes was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis using HP-5MS column. Evaluation of nematicidal toxicity was performed against juveniles (J2) of H. avenae. The bioactive constituent compounds were isolated and identified from the oil based on bioactivity-directed fractionation.Results: Forty-one components were identified and the main components of the essential oil of K. galanga are as follows: ethyl-ρ-methoxy cinnamate (34.79 %), ethyl cinnamate (20.72%), 1,8-cineole (8.96 %), trans-cinnamaldehyde (7.03%) and borneol (5.64 %). The essential oil exhibited nematicidal activity against the cereal cyst nematode with an LC50 value of 91.78 μg/mL. Ethyl cinnamate, ethyl ρ-methoxy cinnamate and trans-cinnamaldehyde (median lethal concentration LC50 = 100.60 μg/ml, 83.04 μg/mL and 94.75 μg/mL, respectively) exhibited stronger nematicidal toxicity than borneol (LC50 = 734.89 μg/mL) and 1,8-cineole (LC50 = 921.21 μg/mL) against the cereal cyst nematode.Conclusion: The results indicate that the essential oil of K. galanga and its isolated constituents have a potential for development into natural nematicides for the control of cereal cyst nematodes.Keywords: Kaempferia galanga, Heterodera avenae, Nematicidal activity, Cereal cyst nematodes, Ethyl cinnamate, Ethyl ρ-methoxy cinnamate, Trans-cinnamaldehyd

Deep Descriptor Transforming for Image Co-Localization

Reusable model design becomes desirable with the rapid expansion of machine learning applications. In this paper, we focus on the reusability of pre-trained deep convolutional models. Specifically, different from treating pre-trained models as feature extractors, we reveal more treasures beneath convolutional layers, i.e., the convolutional activations could act as a detector for the common object in the image co-localization problem. We propose a simple but effective method, named Deep Descriptor Transforming (DDT), for evaluating the correlations of descriptors and then obtaining the category-consistent regions, which can accurately locate the common object in a set of images. Empirical studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed DDT method. On benchmark image co-localization datasets, DDT consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. Moreover, DDT also demonstrates good generalization ability for unseen categories and robustness for dealing with noisy data.Comment: Accepted by IJCAI 201

In vitro specific interactions revealed the infective characteristics of fungal endophytes to grapevine

In the present study a method for co-culture of fungal endophytic strains and grape cells was developed in order to study their interactions, and filter candidates for further safe inoculation in the vineyard. Analysis of morphological and physiological traits was performed by measuring the plant callus and fungal growth, plant cells viability, degree of cell oxidation and the scale of contact or its absence as reaction of the fungal endophyte to the presence of the plant callus. Accordingly, endophytic fungal strains (EFS) were classified on scale of invasion into categories (strong - medium - weak invasive), as well as the contact between the two partners (grow into - grow onto - contact - no contact) and the grape cell oxidation degree (normal (no oxidation) - light - moderate - serious). More included the dominance and distribution of EFS in the plant host, and correlation plots of physiological traits during plant callus and endophytic fungi co–culture were calculated

1,3-Bis[5-(2-pyrid­yl)-1H-tetra­zol-1-yl]propane

The title compound, C15H14N10, is a multidentate ligand obtained by the reaction of 5-(2-pyrid­yl)tetra­zole with 1,3-dibromo­propane. The mol­ecule consists of two 5-(2-pyrid­yl)-1H-tetra­zol-1-yl units connected by a propyl­ene bridge in a U-like conformation. A twofold rotation axis passes through the central C atom

Penicillamine Increases Free Copper and Enhances Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Toxic Milk Mice

Wilson disease (WD) is characterized by the accumulation of copper arising from a mutation in the ATP7B gene. Penicillamine (PA) makes 10–50% of the patients with neurologic symptoms neurologically worse at the early stage of administration. The aim of this study was to determine how the copper metabolism changes and whether the change impairs the brain of toxic milk (tx) mice, an animal model of WD, during the PA administration. The free copper and protein-bound copper concentrations in the serum, cortex and basal ganglia of tx mice with PA administration for 3 days, 10 days and 14 days, respectively, were investigated. The expression of copper transporters, ATP7A and CTR1,was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Then SOD, MDA and GSH/GSSG were detected to determine whether the oxidative stress changed correspondingly. The results revealed the elevated free copper concentrations in the serum and brain, and declined protein-bound copper concentrations in the brain of tx mice during PA administration. Meanwhile, transiently increased expression of ATP7A and CTR1 was observed generally in the brain parenchyma by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Additionally, ATP7A and CTR1 were observed to locate mainly at Golgi apparatus and cellular membrane respectively. Intense staining of ATP7A in the choroid plexus was found in tx mice on the 3rd and 10th day of PA treatment, but rare staining of ATP7A and CTR1 in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Decreased GSH/GSSG and increased MDA concentrations were also viewed in the cortex and basal ganglia. Our results suggested the elevated free copper concentrations in the brain might lead to the enhanced oxidative stress during PA administration. The increased free copper in the brain might come from the copper mobilized from brain parenchyma cells but not from the serum according to the ATP7A and CTR1 expression analysis

2,2′-(p-Phenyl­ene)bis­(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis­(3-nitro­benzoate)

In the title compound, C12H16N4 +·2C7H4NO4 −, the complete 2,2′-(p-phenyl­ene)bis­(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium) (bib) dication is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The bib cations reside on crystallographic inversion centers, which coincide with the centroids of the respective benzene rings. In the cation, the imidazole ring adopts an envelop conformation with the flap atom displaced by 0.082 (3) Å from the plane through the other ring atoms. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the a axis. C—H⋯O inter­actions also occur. Weak π–π contacts between the imidazole rings of bib and between the benzene rings of NB [centroid–centroid distances = 3.501 (1) and 3.281 (2) Å, respectively] may further stabilize the structure

S-wave KK* interactions in a finite volume and the f(1)(1285)

Lattice QCD simulations provide a promising way to disentangle different interpretations of hadronic resonances, which might be of particular relevance to understand the nature of the so-called XYZ particles. Recent studies have shown that in addition to the well-established naive quark model picture, the axial-vector meson f(1)(1285) can also be understood as a dynamically generated state built upon the KK* interaction. In this work, we calculate the energy levels of the KK* system in the f(1)(1285) channel in finite volume using the chiral unitary approach. We propose to calculate the loop function in the dimensional regularization scheme, which is equivalent to the hybrid approach adopted in previous studies. We also study the inverse problem of extracting the bound state information from synthetic lattice QCD data and comment on the difference between our approach and the Luscher method