Electrochemical Investigation of Porphyrin and Its Derivatives at Various Interfaces

This chapter describes the electrochemistry of the porphyrins at solid‐liquid and liquid‐liquid interfaces. The fundamental electrochemical approach toward the porphyrin molecules in estimating their HOMO and LUMO energy levels is given. Various factors such as the effect of central metal ion, the periphery of the aromatic ring and axial ligands on the redox potentials of porphyrins have been discussed. Electrochemical sensing application of porphyrin molecules is described with few examples in brief. Much focus has been given on the electrochemistry of the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiol‐porphyrins on the gold electrode. Structural characterization and charge transfer across the SAM using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are discussed. Theory and methodologies developed to study photoinduced charge transfer kinetics of porphyrin molecules using scanning electrochemical microscope at the solid‐liquid and liquid‐liquid interface have been described. Use of porphyrin molecules as luminophores in electrochemiluminescence sensing applications and the mechanisms involved are described through representative examples

Data on the synthesis and characterizations of carboxylated carbon-based catalyst from eucalyptus as efficient and reusable catalysts for hydrolysis of eucalyptus

The presented article reports the preparation and characterization of heterogeneous carbon catalyst enriched with carboxylic group denoted as (ECS) from Eucalyptus as an efficient catalyst for the hydrolysis of woody Eucalyptus biomass. The fabrication process is based on the ball milling of Eucalyptus as a carbon source in the presence of dry ice as an oxidizing agent followed by acidification with the assistance of hydrochloric acid. The data are including the schematic for the full synthesis steps and characterization tools in addition to the thermogravimetric analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis for the ECS catalyst. Meanwhile, the catalytic performance of ECS catalyst towards the hydrolysis of Eucalyptus was measured under different temperatures ranged from 160 to 200 °C. The ECS catalyst allowed the selective hydrolysis of Eucalyptus to glucose and xylose, as proved by high-performance liquid chromatography. The data herein are associated with the article entitled “ Unveiling one-pot fabrication of scalable and reusable carboxylated heterogeneous carbon-based catalyst from Eucalyptus plant with the assistance of dry Ice for selective hydrolysis of Eucalyptus Biomass’’ [1].This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21575115 , 21327005 ); Program for Chang Jiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team, Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. IRT-16R61, 2017D-01); the Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurial for Talent, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China (Grant No. 2014-RC-39). This publication was supported by Qatar University Internal Grant No. Project QUCG-CAM-20/21-2. The findings achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the authors

Visual characterization of associative quasitrivial nondecreasing operations on finite chains

In this paper we provide visual characterization of associative quasitrivial nondecreasing operations on finite chains. We also provide a characterization of bisymmetric quasitrivial nondecreasing binary operations on finite chains. Finally, we estimate the number of functions belonging to the previous classes.Comment: 25 pages, 18 Figure

Molecular evolution of the H6 subtype influenza a viruses from poultry in eastern China from 2002 to 2010

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although extensive data demonstrates that the majority of H6 duck isolates belonged to a single H6N2 virus lineage with a single gene constellation in southern China from 2000 to 2005, the prevalence of H6N2 virus in poultry in Eastern China is largely unknown.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Epidemiology revealed that H6N2 viruses were the most frequently detected influenza subtypes in live bird markets from 2002 to 2008 in Eastern China, but from 2009 onwards, they were replaced with novel H6N6 viruses. We phylogenetically and antigenically analyzed 42 H6 viruses isolated mainly in domestic ducks from 2002 to 2010 in Eastern China. Surprisingly, none of these isolates grouped with the previously described H6N2 viruses which belonged to a single H6N2 virus lineage with a single gene constellation in domestic ducks in southern China from 2000 to 2005. Two distinct hemagglutinin lineages were identified and they all underwent frequent reassortment with multiple virus subtypes from the natural gene pool, but few reassortants were persistent or prevalent.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Five subtypes of H6 influenza viruses (H6N1, H6N2, H6N5, H6N6 and H6N8) cocirculated in Eastern China, which form a significant part of the natural influenza virus reservoir in domestic ducks, and significant viral reassortment is still ongoing in this species.</p

Observation study of using a small dose of rituximab treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in seven Chinese patients: One pilot study

ObjectiveTo report the efficacy, long-term safety, and tolerability of using a small dose (125 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks) of rituximab to treat Chinese patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).MethodsSeven patients with active moderate-to-severe TAO were prospectively recruited in this study. A small dose of rituximab (125mg/m2 body surface area) was given weekly with a duration of four weeks. Thyroid function, thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), B cell and T cell subsets, ophthalmological examination, magnetic resonance imaging derived parameters, and adverse reactions were recorded at each visit.ResultsSeven patients were followed for an average of 224 weeks. B-cell depletion was observed in all patients following rituximab infusion. The clinical activity score (CAS) decreased from 4.86 ± 0.69 to 3.00 ± 0.82 at 5 weeks after treatment (P = 0.033) and remained significantly lower than baseline values at the end of follow-up (P = 0.001). Compared to baseline values, significant decreases in exophthalmos of the right eye, the thickness of extraocular muscles with maximum signal intensity, and the highest signal intensity ratio (SIR) of extraocular muscle to ipsilateral temporal muscle values were observed at the last follow-up (all P &lt; 0.05). Disease progressions or recurrences were not observed during follow-up. Only mild fatigue was observed after the first infusion as a side effect (n = 1).ConclusionSmall dose of rituximab may be a promising option with adequate safety, tolerability, and long-term efficacy for patients with active moderate-to-severe TAO

Simple quantitative measurement based on DWI to objectively judge DWI-FLAIR mismatch in a canine stroke model

PURPOSEDiffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) - fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch was proven useful to time the onset of wake-up stroke; however, identifying the status of FLAIR imaging has been mostly subjective. We aimed to evaluate the value of relative DWI signal intensity (rDWI), and relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) in identifying the FLAIR status in the acute period.METHODSAutologous clot was used to embolize left middle cerebral artery in 20 dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 3–6 hours and 24 hours after embolization. DWI-FLAIR mismatch was defined as hyperintense signal detected on DWI, but not on FLAIR. The mean values of rDWI or rADC of FLAIR- and FLAIR+ lesions were compared and the critical cutoff values of rDWI and rADC for identifying the FLAIR status were determined.RESULTSStroke models were successfully established in all animals. DWI+ lesions were found in all 20 dogs from three hours, while FLAIR+ lesions were found in three, 11, 16, 19, and 20 dogs at five time points after embolization, respectively. The mean rDWI values were significantly different between FLAIR- and FLAIR+ lesions (P < 0.001), but rADC values were not (P = 0.73). Using rDWI=1.90 as the threshold value, excellent diagnostic efficacy was achieved (AUC, 0.88; sensitivity, 0.77; specificity, 0.88). However, rADC appeared not useful (AUC, 0.48; sensitivity, 0.52; specificity, 0.58) in identifying the FLAIR status.CONCLUSIONIn our embolic canine stroke model, rDWI was useful to identify FLAIR imaging status in the acute period, while rADC was not

General 3D Analytical Method for Eddy-Current Coupling with Halbach Magnet Arrays Based on Magnetic Scalar Potential and H-Functions

Rapid and accurate eddy-current calculation is necessary to analyze eddy-current couplings (ECCs). This paper presents a general 3D analytical method for calculating the magnetic field distributions, eddy currents, and torques of ECCs with different Halbach magnet arrays. By using Fourier decomposition, the magnetization components of Halbach magnet arrays are determined. Then, with a group of H-formulations in the conductor region and Laplacian equations with magnetic scalar potential in the others, analytical magnetic field distributions are predicted and verified by 3D finite element models. Based on Ohm&rsquo;s law for moving conductors, eddy-current distributions and torques are obtained at different speeds. Finally, the Halbach magnet arrays with different segments are optimized to enhance the fundamental amplitude and reduce the harmonic contents of air-gap flux densities. The proposed method shows its correctness and validation in analyzing and optimizing ECCs with Halbach magnet arrays

Synthesis and characterization of coordination compounds of Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with rutin

2010-2014The synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of five novel coordination compounds of rutin with transition metal [M = Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)] are reported here. These coordination compounds may be formulated as [M3L2(H2O)n] (CH3COO)2 (n=6,12). Three hydroxy groups on the unsaturated rings form coordination bonds with the metal ions. The cyclic voltammetric data show changes in the redox potentials and currents of the coordination compounds relative to that of rutin. Formation of the coordination compounds changes the rigidity of rutin molecular plane and has a little influence on the antioxidation of rutin