Optimal strategy for VAC system in metro station of small and medium size city

This paper was reviewed and accepted by the APCWE-IX Programme Committee for Presentation at the 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, held from 3-7 December 2017

Solubilities and Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide in Some Biobased Solvents

Using the isochoric saturation method, solubilities of CO₂ in five biobased solvents (BBSs) have been determined at temperatures between 293.15 and 323.15 K with 10 K intervals and pressure scope of (0–600.0) kPa. The BBSs were selected from glyceryl triacetate (GT), glycerol formal (GF), dl-1,2-isopropyli-deneglycerol (GAK), triethyl citrate (TEC), and acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC). Henry’s constants and thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of dissolution were derived from the solubility data. The gravimetric solubilities of CO₂ in BBSs changed with the sequence of GT > ATEC > TEC ≈ GAK > GF. All the dissolution enthalpies were negative at each condition. The dissolution capacities of BBSs for CO₂ were further compared with those of several common absorbents as well as ionic liquids. It was shown that they were similar to polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (NHD) which is an industrial CO₂ absorbent

The Impact of Turbulent Schmidt number on Source Term Estimation Using Bayesian Inference

This paper was reviewed and accepted by the APCWE-IX Programme Committee for Presentation at the 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, held from 3-7 December 2017

Stabilized and Improved Photoelectrochemical Responses of Silicon Nanowires Modified with Ag@SiO₂ Nanoparticles and Crystallized TiO₂ Film

Semiconductor nanostructure photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for sunlight conversion have the potential to supply continuous, low-cost, high-efficiency and carbon-free energy; however, in order to provide economically competitive energy, long-time stability and high-efficiency are requisite. In this work, the saturation photocurrent density (<i>J</i>_sat) and stability of the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) in a PEC cell are significantly improved via surface modification with Ag@SiO₂ nanoparticles and conformal TiO₂ ultrathin film. Compared to the bare SiNWs, a 40% enhancement in <i>J</i>_sat, a cathodic shift of 0.8 V in the applied potential for <i>J</i>_sat, and over 10-h continuous operation with a high photocurrent density without decay are realized by using the properly modified SiNWs. Comparison of minority carrier lifetime indicates that the surface recombination of the modified SiNWs has been effectively suppressed. External quantum efficiency measurements reveal that the superstable and improved PEC responses of the modified SiNWs can be maintained for a broadband spectrum. This work provides an alternative route to the industrial applications for the semiconductor nanostructure PEC cells

Cellular Transport of Esculin and Its Acylated Derivatives in Caco‑2 Cell Monolayers and Their Antioxidant Properties in Vitro

Esculin has many pharmacological effects, but these are difficult to observe after oral administration owing to poor lipid solubility. In our previous study, five acylated derivatives with different acyl chain lengths (EA, EP, EO, EL, and EM) were synthesized to improve the lipophilicity of esculin. In this study, the bioavailability and antioxidant activity of the five derivatives were investigated. The logP of esculin, EA, EP, EO, EL, and EM were −1.1 ± 0.1, −0.3 ± 0.14, 0.1 ± 0.17, 1.6 ± 0.09, 2.4 ± 0.11, and 2.8 ± 0.18, and their <i>P</i>_app were 0.71 ± 0.02, 1.24 ± 0.18, 1.74 ± 0.11, 11.6 ± 3.6, 4.11 ± 1.03, and 2.64 ± 0.97 × 10^–6 cm/s, respectively. Besides, the bioavailability of EO, EL, and EM were seriously affected by carboxylesterase. The results of ABTS, ORAC, and DPPH assays indicated that the antiradical ability of the five derivatives did not exceed that of esculin. However, EA, EP, and EO showed more effective inhibition of AAPH-induced oxidative hemolysis than esculin did (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and EL and EM were less effective than esculin (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The mechanism was related to the distribution and localization of the derivatives in “oil–water interface” between the cytomembrane and the aqueous phase

Influence of Organic Solvents on Catalytic Behaviors and Cell Morphology of Whole-Cell Biocatalysts for Synthesis of 5′-Arabinocytosine Laurate

<div><p>A whole-cell based method was developed for the regioselective synthesis of arabinocytosine laurate. Among the seven kinds of bacteria strains tested in the acylation reaction, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> gave the highest productivity and a higher 5′-regioselectivity than 99%. Compared with pure organic solvents, the use of organic solvent mixtures greatly promoted the yield of the whole-cell catalyzed reaction, but showed little influence on the 5′-regioselectivity. Of all the tested solvent mixtures, the best reaction result was found in isopropyl ether/pyridine followed by isopentanol/pyridine. However, the whole-cells showed much lower thermostability in isopropyl ether/pyridine than in THF-pyridine. To better understand the toxic effects of the organic solvents on <i>P. fluorescens</i> whole-cells and growing cells were further examined. Significant influences of organic solvents on the biomass of the cells were found, which differed depending on the type of solvents used. SEM analysis visually revealed the changes in the surface morphology of whole-cells and growing cells cultured in media containing various organic solvents, in terms of surface smoothness, bulges and changed cell sizes. Results demonstrated that organic toxicity to cell structure played an important role in whole-cell mediated catalysis.</p></div

Acylation of ara-C with vinyl laurate by <i>P. fluorescens</i> in different organic solvent systems^a.

a<p>The reaction conditions: 50 mg/mL biocatalyst, 20 mmol/L ara-C, 500 mmol/L VL, 40 µL water, 1 mL organic solvents, 30°C, 180 rpm and reaction time of 144 h.</p>b<p>The volume ratio of two organic solvent used, 1∶3 (v/v).</p

SEM photographs of freeze-dried <i>P. fluorescens</i> cells after incubated in organic solvents for 24 h {a: PBS, b: DMF, c: IPE/pyridine (v/v = 1∶3), d: THF/pyridine (v/v = 1∶3)}, magnification was 10 K, scale bar: 1 µm.

<p>SEM photographs of freeze-dried <i>P. fluorescens</i> cells after incubated in organic solvents for 24 h {a: PBS, b: DMF, c: IPE/pyridine (v/v = 1∶3), d: THF/pyridine (v/v = 1∶3)}, magnification was 10 K, scale bar: 1 µm.</p

Acylation of ara-C with vinyl laurate by various bacteria^a.

a<p>Reaction condition: 50 mg/mL whole cells, 20 mmol/L ara-C, 500 mmol/L VL, 40 µL water, 1 mL 25% (v/v) IPE-pyridine, 30°C,180 rpm. The data were obtained after 144 h reaction.</p>b<p>The bacteria were cultured at 30°C and 180 rpm for 48 h and then the harvested cells were pretreated by lyophilization for 24 h.</p>c<p>Not detected.</p

Solvent-sensitivity of the whole-cells in organic solvents (The whole-cells were kept in different mixture organic solvents under 30°C for 6 h before catalyzed the reaction).

<p>Solvent-sensitivity of the whole-cells in organic solvents (The whole-cells were kept in different mixture organic solvents under 30°C for 6 h before catalyzed the reaction).</p