Additional file 1: Table S1. of Graphene/Polyaniline Aerogel with Superelasticity and High Capacitance as Highly Compression-Tolerant Supercapacitor Electrode

Mass content of the PANI and specific capacitance for the graphene/PANI aerogels with various deposition periods. Table S2. Comparison of the specific capacitance. of 3D graphene/PANI electrodes. Fig. S1 Raman spectra of GO and superelastic graphene aerogel. Figure S2. (a) Large-area cross-section SEM image of graphene/PANI-2 aerogel (b) and corresponding EDS element mapping images of C, (c) O and (d) N in the same area. Figure S3. SEM images of the graphene/PANI-4 aerogel. The PANI nanowire network cover on the surface the graphene cell walls. Figure S4. XRD patterns of superelastic graphene aerogel and graphene/PANI-1~3 aerogels. Figure S5. SEM images of graphene/PANI-2 aerogel corresponding to the (a) loading status and (b-d) unloading status. Figure 6. SEM images of graphene/PANI-2 electrodes covered by PVA/H SO solid electrolyte. Figure S7. Cycling stability of graphene/PANI-2 aerogel at a current density of 2 A g-1 using a three-electrode setup. Figure S8. (a) GCD curves of the SCs based on graphene/PANI-2 electrodes at various current densities from 1 to 5 A g-1. (b) Ragone plot of the SCs based on graphene/PANI-2 electrodes. (DOCX 4526 kb

DataSheet2_Metabolomic and transcriptomic responses of Adiantum (Adiantum nelumboides) leaves under drought, half-waterlogging, and rewater conditions.xlsx

Introduction:Adiantum nelumboides (Adiantum) is an endangered fern with a narrow distribution along the Yangtze River in China. Due to its cliff-dwelling habit, it experiences water stress conditions, which further endangers its survival. However, no information is available about its molecular responses to drought and half-waterlogging conditions.Methods: Here, we applied five and ten days of half-waterlogging stress, five days of drought stress, and rewatering after five days of drought stress, and studied the resulting metabolome profiles and transcriptome signatures of Adiantum leaves.Results and Discussion: The metabolome profiling detected 864 metabolites. The drought and half-waterlogging stress induced up-accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites including amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acid accumulation in Adiantum leaves. Whereas, rewatering the drought-stressed seedlings reversed most of these metabolic changes. Transcriptome sequencing confirmed the differential metabolite profiles, where the genes enriched in pathways associated with these metabolites showed similar expression patterns. Overall, the half-waterlogging stress for 10 days induced large-scale metabolic and transcriptomic changes compared to half-waterlogging stress for 05 days, drought stress for 05 days or rewatering for 05 days.Conclusion: This pioneering attempt provides a detailed understanding of molecular responses of Adiantum leaves to drought and half-waterlogging stresses and rewater conditions. This study also provides useful clues for the genetic improvement of Adiantum for drought/half-waterlogging stress tolerance.</p

DataSheet1_Metabolomic and transcriptomic responses of Adiantum (Adiantum nelumboides) leaves under drought, half-waterlogging, and rewater conditions.PDF

Introduction:Adiantum nelumboides (Adiantum) is an endangered fern with a narrow distribution along the Yangtze River in China. Due to its cliff-dwelling habit, it experiences water stress conditions, which further endangers its survival. However, no information is available about its molecular responses to drought and half-waterlogging conditions.Methods: Here, we applied five and ten days of half-waterlogging stress, five days of drought stress, and rewatering after five days of drought stress, and studied the resulting metabolome profiles and transcriptome signatures of Adiantum leaves.Results and Discussion: The metabolome profiling detected 864 metabolites. The drought and half-waterlogging stress induced up-accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites including amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acid accumulation in Adiantum leaves. Whereas, rewatering the drought-stressed seedlings reversed most of these metabolic changes. Transcriptome sequencing confirmed the differential metabolite profiles, where the genes enriched in pathways associated with these metabolites showed similar expression patterns. Overall, the half-waterlogging stress for 10 days induced large-scale metabolic and transcriptomic changes compared to half-waterlogging stress for 05 days, drought stress for 05 days or rewatering for 05 days.Conclusion: This pioneering attempt provides a detailed understanding of molecular responses of Adiantum leaves to drought and half-waterlogging stresses and rewater conditions. This study also provides useful clues for the genetic improvement of Adiantum for drought/half-waterlogging stress tolerance.</p

Table_1_Validity of the SARC-F questionnaire in assessing sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.DOCX

ObjectiveTo examine the validity of the 5-component SARC-F questionnaire for screening sarcopenia among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsEligible participants were enrolled from the Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from March 2019 to November 2019. Evaluations were performed using the self-administered SARC-F questionnaire. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by grip strength, the chair stand test and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. The severity of sarcopenia was evaluated by gait speed. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the SARC-F to evaluate construct validity. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify the cutoff value for nondialysis-dependent (NDD) CKD patients’ and maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients’ scores.ResultsA total of 105 NDD-CKD patients and 125 MHD patients were included, and the prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.7 and 31.2%, respectively. Among them, there were 21 (16.8%) MHD patients with severe sarcopenia but no NDD-CKD patients with severe sarcopenia. The sensitivity and specificity of the SARC-F were 16.7 and 98.0% for NDD-CKD patients, and 48.7 and 89.5% for MHD patients, respectively. For NDD-CKD patients, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the total SARC-F score was 0.978 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.929–0.997, p ConclusionCKD patients, especially MHD patients, were at high risk of suffering sarcopenia. The SARC-F had low-to-moderate sensitivity but high specificity for screening sarcopenia among patients with CKD. The best cutoff values of the SARC-F score were different for screening sarcopenia among NDD-CKD and MHD patients.</p

Treatment with C1INH prevented the progression to fibrosis in kidneys subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury.

<p>(A) Immunohistochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin and picrosirius red staining in renal tissue recovered at 30 and 90-days post-ischemic injury from sham + PBS (n = 6), sham + C1INH (n = 6), IRI + PBS (n = 6) and IRI + C1INH (n = 6) mice. Representative light microscopy images (200X magnification) from each group are depicted. Semi-automated quantification of (B) α-SMA(+), (C) Desmin(+) and (D) Picrosirius Red(+) area per HPF. Stained area is calculated and shown as a percentage relative to total tissue area per field. Data are mean ± SD. Statistical comparison was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc correction. *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.001.</p

Protective renal effect of complement blockade after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

<p>Mice were assigned to four groups: 1) Sham + PBS (n = 6), 2) Sham + C1INH (n = 6), 3) IRI + PBS (n = 9), IRI + C1INH (n = 15). Ischemia was induced by clamping of the renal hilum for 60 minutes and followed by contra-lateral nephrectomy. Sterile PBS or C1INH (750 U/kg) were given intravenously via tail vein injection 1 hour prior to surgery. Serum was collected at 24 and 72 hours after injury and survival was monitored for 90 days after reperfusion. (A) Pharmacological targeting of complement activation using C1INH significantly improves animal survival after IRI (Log-rank test, <i>P</i> = 0.0015). (B) Serum creatinine level at 24 and 72 hours after IRI. Groups: 1) Sham + PBS (n = 8), 2) Sham + C1INH (n = 8), 3) IRI + PBS (n = 10), IRI + C1INH (n = 10). (C) Histopathological analysis of kidneys at 24 hours after surgery. Representative light microscopy images of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of the cortex and medulla of kidneys (200X magnification). Arrows indicate necrotic tubules, and asterisks indicate tubular casts. (D) Renal tubular injury scores (0–4, arbitrary units). All data presented are mean ± SD. Survival data was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier survival method and the log-rank test. Statistical comparison for creatinine values and tubular injury scoring was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc correction. *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.001.</p

Renal mRNA expression and circulating level of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at 24 and 72-hours post-injury.

<p>RT-PCR analysis was performed on renal tissue recovered at the specified time points from mice in all groups (A) mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, n = 6), Interleukin-6 (IL-6, n = 6) and CXCL1 (KC, n = 4). Expression was normalized to baseline expression of native controls and GAPDH was used as the endogenous control. (B) Plasma KC and CCL2 levels post-injury. Cytokine levels determined by ELISA on plasma recovered at the specified time points from mice in all groups (n = 3 for each group). Data are mean ± SD. Statistical comparison was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc correction. *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.001.</p

C1INH significantly decreased renal C5a cleavage and limited C3b deposition in kidneys subjected to IRI.

<p>(A) Immunoblotting analysis for C5a in renal tissue at 24 and 72 hours post-IRI. (B) Quantification of C5a band density from western blots normalized to β-tubulin. Results are expressed as mean ± SD fold changes (n = 3 for each group) compared with native controls. (C) Immunoblotting analysis of phosphorylated ERK1/2 normalized to total ERK1/2 (p44/42 MAPK) in renal tissue at 24 and 72 hours post-IRI in renal tissue. (D) Quantification of phosphorylated ERK band density from western blots normalized total ERK and β-tubulin. Results are expressed as mean ± SD fold changes (n = 3 for each group) compared with native controls. (E) Representative images of immunofluorescent microscopy performed on renal tissue at 72 hours post-injury targeting C3b deposition (200X). (F) mRNA expression of bradykinin 1 (BR1) and BR2 receptor in renal tissue. Expression was normalized to baseline expression of native controls and GAPDH was used as the endogenous control. Results are expressed as mean ± SD fold changes (n = 3 for each group).</p