Calorific values and ash contents of different organs of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in southern China

Calorific values of plants are important indices for evaluating and reflecting material cycle and energy conversion in forest ecosystems. Based on the data of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) in southern China, the calorific values (CVs) and ash contents (ACs) of different plant organs were analyzed systematically using hypothesis test and regression analysis in this paper. The results show: (i) the CVs and ACs of different plant organs are almost significantly different, and the order by AFCV (ash-free calorific value) from the largest to the smallest is foliage (23.55 kJ/g), branches (22.25 kJ/g), stem bark (21.71 kJ/g), root (21.52 kJ/g) and stem wood (21.35 kJ/g); and the order by AC is foliage (2.35%), stem bark (1.44%), root (1.42%), branches (1.08%) and stem wood (0.33%); (ii) the CVs and ACs of stem woods on top, middle and lower sections are significantly different, and the CVs are increasing from top to lower sections of trunk while the ACs are decreasing; (iii) the mean GCV (gross calorific value) and AFCV of aboveground part are larger than those of belowground part (roots), and the differences are also statistically significant; (iv) the CVs and ACs of different organs are related, to some extent, to diameter, height and origin of the tree, but the influence degrees of the factors on CVs and ACs are not the same

Is the σ\sigma meson dynamically generated?

We study the problem whether the $\sigma$ meson is generated `dynamically'. A pedagogical analysis on the toy O(N) linear sigma model is performed and we find that the large $N_c$ limit and the $m_\sigma\to \infty$ limit does not commute. The sigma meson may not necessarily be described as a dynamically generated resonance. On the contrary, the sigma meson may be more appropriately described by considering it as an explicit degree of freedom in the effective lagrangian.Comment: Contribution to ``Quark Confinement and Hadron Spectrum VII'', 2--7 Sept. 2006, Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portuga

The Effects of Minimal Length, Maximal Momentum and Minimal Momentum in Entropic Force

In this paper, the modified entropic force law is studied by using a new kind of generalized uncertainty principle which contains a minimal length, a minimal momentum and a maximal momentum. Firstly, the quantum corrections to the thermodynamics of a black hole is investigated. Then, according to Verlinde's theory, the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) corrected entropic force is obtained. The result shows that the GUP corrected entropic force is related not only to the properties of the black holes, but also to the Planck length and the dimensionless constants $\alpha _{\rm{0}}$ and $\beta _{\rm{0}}$. Moreover, based on the GUP corrected entropic force, we also derive the modified Einstein's field equation (EFE) and the modified Friedmann equation.Comment: 16 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1604.0470

5-Methyl-3,3-bis­(4-methyl­piperazin-1-yl)-1-[2-(4-methyl­piperazin-1-yl)eth­yl]indolin-2-one

In the title compound, C26H43N7O, each piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. Two 1-methyl­piperazine rings bond to one Csp 3 of the pyrrole ring via the piperazine N atoms, while the third one links to the N atom of the indolin-2-one unit through a flexible ethyl group with an almost syn conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected through methyl­ene–carbonyl C—H⋯O inter­actions into an infinite chain along the c axis. The almost parallel arrays are stacked, forming a three-dimensional framework

Clinical observation on pathologic myopia CNV treated with intravitreal bevacizumab

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab(Avastin)for choroidal neovascularization(CNV)in pathologic myopia(PM)by including optical coherence tomography(OCT), fluorescein angiography(FFA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA). METHODS: Totally 42 eyes in 41 patients with PM CNV were divided into 2 groups randomly, experimental group(n=22)were assigned to receive intravitreal bevacizumab injections and take fufangxueshuantong capsule; control group(n=20)just took fufangxueshuantong capsule. Subjects were followed up every month after treatment. The efficacy and safety of two group were compared by ophthalmic evaluations including OCT, FFA, and BCVA. RESULTS: BCVA: BCVA in two groups was improved after 12 months. The mean number of treatments per eye, experimental group was 4.23±2.02 and control group was 1.95±1.90. There was significant difference(P<0.005). OCT: Before and after 12 months central foveal thickness(CFD)for two groups were thin,and the mean value in experimental group was 43.41±40.39μm and in control group was 22.65±20.79μm, there was significant difference(P<0.05); FFA: In experimental group CNV was completely disappeared in 20 eyes(91%), persistent in 2 eyes(9%); the control group CNV was completely disappeared in 12 eyes(60%), persistent in 8 eyes(40%). There was significant difference(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab are safe and effective treatment for most patients of CNV in PM

Constructing the general partial waves and renormalization in EFT

We construct the general partial wave amplitude basis for the $N\to M$ scattering, which consists of Poincar\'e Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, with Lorentz invariant forms given in terms of spinor-helicity variables. The inner product of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients is defined, which converts on-shell phase space integration into an algebraic problem. We also develop the technique of partial wave expansions of arbitrary amplitudes, including those with infrared divergence. These are applied to the computation of anomalous dimension matrix for general effective operators, where unitarity cuts for the loop amplitudes, with an arbitrary number of external particles, are obtained via partial wave expansion.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl

Effect of dose and types of the water reducing admixtures and superplasticizers on concrete strength and durability behaviour:A review

As one of the concrete admixtures, water reducing admixtures and superplasticizers are usually used to re-duce the mixing water volume and improve the performance of the harden concrete while maintaining better workability of the fresh concrete. However, the concrete strength and durability properties are affected differently by different types and dosages of the water reducing admixtures and superplasticizers. Based on the published literatures, this paper comprehensively reviews and analyzes this problem. Different types of the concretes, including ordinary Portland cement concrete, ordinary Portland cement concrete containing pozzolan, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, calcium sulfoaluminate cement concrete, ferrite aluminate cement concrete, recycled aggregates concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete, self-compacting concrete and ultra-high performance concrete, are considered to discuss the influence of types and dosages of the water reducing admixtures and superplasticizers on their strengths. Water absorption, frost resistance and permeability resistance of the concrete are mainly reviewed to discuss this influence on the durability properties of the concrete. Then, some suggestions on the application of the water reducing admixtures and superplasticizers in reinforced concrete structures and projects are proposed.</p

Is the f0(600)f_0(600) meson a dynamically generated resonance? -- a lesson learned from the O(N) model and beyond

O(N) linear $\sigma$ model is solvable in the large $N$ limit and hence provides a useful theoretical laboratory to test various unitarization approximations. We find that the large $N_c$ limit and the $m_\sigma\to \infty$ limit do not commute. In order to get the correct large $N_c$ spectrum one has to firstly take the large $N_c$ limit. We argue that the $f_0(600)$ meson may not be described as generated dynamically. On the contrary, it is most appropriately described at the same level as the pions, i.e, both appear explicitly in the effective lagrangian. Actually it is very likely the $\sigma$ meson responsible for the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in a lagrangian with linearly realized chiral symmetry.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figurs; references added; discussions slightly modified; revised version accepted by IJMP