Shorter TCR β-Chains Are Highly Enriched During Thymic Selection and Antigen-Driven Selection

The adaptive immune system uses several strategies to generate a repertoire of T cell receptors (TCR) with sufficient diversity to recognize the universe of potential pathogens. However, it remains unclear how differences in the T cell receptor (TCR) contribute to heterogeneity in T cell state. In this study, we used polychromatic flow cytometry to isolate highly pure CD4+/CD8+ naive and memory T cells, and applied deep sequencing to characterize corresponding TCR β-chain (TCRβ) complementary-determining region 3 (CDR3) repertoires. We find that shorter TCRβ CDR3s with fewer insertions were highly enriched during thymic selection. Antigen-experienced T cells (memory T cells) harbor shorter CDR3s vs. naive T cells. Moreover, the public TCRβ CDR3 clonotypes within cell subsets or interindividual tend to have shorter CDR3 length and a significantly larger size compared with “private” clonotypes. Taken together, shorter CDR3s highly enriched during thymic selection and antigen-driven selection, and further enriched in public T-cell responses. These results indicated that it may be evolutionary pressures drive short CDR3s to recognize most of antigen in nature

Microarray and bioinformatic analysis reveal the parental genes of m6A modified circRNAs as novel prognostic signatures in colorectal cancer

BackgroundAccumulating evidences have revealed that the abnormal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is closely associated with the occurrence, development, progression and prognosis of cancer. It is noteworthy that m6A modification is widely existed in circRNAs and found its key biological functions in regulating circRNAs metabolism. However, the role of m6A modified circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. To better understand the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of CRC, we focus on the relationship between m6A-modified circRNAs and their parental genes.MethodsArraystar m6A-circRNA epitranscriptomic microarray was used to identify differentially m6A modified circRNAs between CRC and the control group. In addition, TCGA-COAD and GSE106582 cohort were used to identify differentially expressed mRNAs. In this study, we screened the parental genes for which both circRNAs and mRNAs were down-regulated further to analyze, including gene expression, survival prognosis, enrichment analysis. Additionally, Western Blotting was used to further validate the role of the parental gene in CRC.ResultsWe found that 1405 significantly downregulated circRNAs in CRC by our microarray data. Moreover, we obtained 113 parental genes for which both circRNAs and mRNAs were down-regulated to analyze the relationship with the prognosis of CRC based on TCGA-COAD cohort. And we identified nine potential prognostic genes, including ABCD3, ABHD6, GAB1, MIER1, MYOCD, PDE8A, RPS6KA5, TPM1 and WDR78. And low expression of these genes was associated with poor survival prognosis of the patients with CRC. In addition, we found that TPM1 is downregulated in CRC by western blotting experiment. And the calcium-signaling pathway may involve the process of the CRC progression.ConclusionsWe identified nine potential prognostic genes, after analyzed the relationship between the parental genes of m6A modified circRNAs and the progression of CRC. Above all, our study further validated TPM1 can serve as a potentail signature for CRC patients

Qishen Yiqi dripping pills for chronic ischaemic heart failure:results of the CACT-IHF randomized clinical trial

10.1002/ehf2.12980ESC Heart Failure763881-389

Study on the evaluation of the clinical effects of traditional chinese medicine in heart failure by complex intervention: protocol of SECETCM-HF

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Experts in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have studied the TCM subject of the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) for several decades. As a result, the general idea is <it>ben </it>deficiency and <it>biao </it>excess. However, the clinical evaluation system which combined the TCM and western medicine in HF has not been developed yet. The objective is to establish the evaluation index system for the integration of TCM and western medicine. The evaluation indexes which include TCM items will specify the research design and methods.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nine medical centers in different cities in China will participate in the trial. A population of 340 patients with HF will be enrolled through a central randomized system for different test groups. Group A will be treated with only western medicine, while group B with western and Chinese medicine together. The study will last for 12 months from the date of enrollment. The cardiovascular death will be the primary outcome.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>By putting the protocol into practice, the clinical effects of TCM for HF will be identified scientifically, objectively as well as rationally. The proper index system which built in the study will be helpful for the clinical effect expression of HF by integrated medicine in future.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ChiCTR-TRC-00000059</p

The Effect of Pretreatment Method on the Preparation of Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5/

A series of ZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 composite materials were prepared under various pretreatment method; The physicochemical properties of composite materials were investigated by XRD, SEM, FTIR to find out optimal pretreatment method. The results showed that the composite materials performance better structure property when γ- Al2O3 was firstly immersed in TPAOH solution under reflux condensation for a period of time and then immersed into anhydrous alcohol before mixed with ZSM-5 precursor solution. The result of infrared spectrum indicated that the formation of Al-OH bond played a key role in the synthesis of micro-mesoporous ZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 composite materials

The Effect of Pretreatment Method on the Preparation of Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5/Y-Al2O3 Composite Materials

A series of ZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 composite materials were prepared under various pretreatment method; The physicochemical properties of composite materials were investigated by XRD, SEM, FTIR to find out optimal pretreatment method. The results showed that the composite materials performance better structure property when γ- Al2O3 was firstly immersed in TPAOH solution under reflux condensation for a period of time and then immersed into anhydrous alcohol before mixed with ZSM-5 precursor solution. The result of infrared spectrum indicated that the formation of Al-OH bond played a key role in the synthesis of micro-mesoporous ZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 composite materials

A lvq-based neural network anti-spam email approach

Abstract: Along with wide application of e-mail nowadays, many spare e-mails flood into people&apos;s email inboxes and bring catastrophe to their study and work. This paper presents a novel anti-spare e-mail filter based-LVQ network in terms of spare e-mails which are mainly made up of several kinds commercial or political spare emails at present. Our experiment has proved that the filter based on LVQ is superior to Bayes-based and BP-based approaches in total performances apparently

Data from: Reconstruction of the regional summer ground surface temperature in the permafrost region of Northeast China from 1587 to 2008

To extend the historical temperature record in the permafrost region of northeast China, we reconstructed the regional ground surface temperature (GST) for the past four centuries based on a network of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) tree ring width chronologies. Seven standard tree ring chronologies, which correlated well with each other, were averaged to create a regional mean chronology. The GST was the major limiting factor for tree growth in this region. The optimum range of GSTs was from 30 May to 26 August (summer GST), identified by combining the days on which tree growth was strongly influenced by the daily GST data. The summer GST was significantly correlated with the regional mean chronology (r=0.704, p<0.001) over the common period 1971–2008 and was reconstructed for the period 1587–2008. The reconstructed GST accounted for 49.4% of the actual variance in the GST over the period 1971–2008 and captured four warm periods (1597–1603, 1716–1723, 1781–1788, and 1925–1929) and three cold periods (1639–1647, 1686–1711, and 1799–1805). The reconstructed GST was consistent with the northern hemisphere temperature in the Little Ice Age, and the warming rate from 1857 to 2008 was similar to a previously reported temperature reconstruction in the Xiao Xing’an Mountains. The low frequency of the reconstructed GST was well matched with that of the permafrost thawing depth. The reconstructed GST represents the longest temperature record in this study region and may be used as a reference for the permafrost thawing depth