Increased Functional Connectivity Between Medulla and Inferior Parietal Cortex in Medication-Free Major Depressive Disorder

Emerging evidence has documented the abnormalities of primary brain functions in major depressive disorder (MDD). The brainstem has shown to play an important role in regulating basic functions of the human brain, but little is known about its role in MDD, especially the roles of its subregions. To uncover this, the present study adopted resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with fine-grained brainstem atlas in 23 medication-free MDD patients and 34 matched healthy controls (HC). The analysis revealed significantly increased functional connectivity of the medulla, one of the brainstem subregions, with the inferior parietal cortex (IPC) in MDD patients. A positive correlation was further identified between the increased medulla-IPC functional connectivity and Hamilton anxiety scores. Functional characterization of the medulla and IPC using a meta-analysis revealed that both regions primarily participated in action execution and inhibition. Our findings suggest that increased medulla-IPC functional connectivity may be related to over-activity or abnormal control of negative emotions in MDD, which provides a new insight for the neurobiology of MDD

Research on broiler health status recognition method based on improved YOLOv5

Caged broilers, reared extensively, necessitate timely health assessment to mitigate farming losses. Therefore, accurate detection of broiler health status holds a pivotal role in averting avian disease propagation. In this study, we propose a method for broiler health recognition using YOLOv5′s original structure, augmented with the lightweight mobile-EMO network model. Initially, we replace YOLOv5′s backbone convolutional, pooling, and connectivity layers with the EMO module, except the decoupling header. This substitution crafts an efficient model, amplifying overall performance. The EMO module introduces iRMB, a more effective feature extraction technique capturing diverse-scale feature information. Moreover, a continuous activation function supplants the conventional ReLU, enhancing feature expression. Further, EMO integrates 1×1 inflated convolution and windowed sub-attention, augmenting network performance. Additionally, we employ the SPPF module instead of SPP, replacing Detect with Decoupled Detect, constructing an advanced YOLOv5 network for broiler health state recognition. Through training and evaluation, a deep learning model is formulated, discerning caged broiler health. Experimental outcomes reveal that, even under intricate conditions, health detection attains a 0.959 recall rate, 0.956 accuracy, and 0.978 average accuracy. In comparison with basic YOLOv5, this method heightens average accuracy by 1.5%. Compared to YOLOv7 and YOLOv8, average accuracy increases by 3.1% and 1.8% correspondingly. The proposed approach fosters preliminary intelligent health detection, curbing manual intervention, lowering breeding costs, augmenting farming economics, and referencing health intelligent detection in broiler breeding

Electron–Rotor Interaction in Organic–Inorganic Lead Iodide Perovskites Discovered by Isotope Effects

We report on the carrier–rotor coupling effect in perovskite organic–inorganic hybrid lead iodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) compounds discovered by isotope effects. Deuterated organic–inorganic perovskite compounds including CH₃ND₃PbI₃, CD₃NH₃PbI₃, and CD₃ND₃PbI₃ were synthesized. Devices made from regular CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and deuterated CH₃ND₃PbI₃ exhibit comparable performance in band gap, current–voltage, carrier mobility, and power conversion efficiency. However, a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals that CH₃NH₃PbI₃ exhibits notably longer carrier lifetime than that of CH₃ND₃PbI₃, in both thin-film and single-crystal formats. Furthermore, the comparison in carrier lifetime between CD₃NH₃PbI₃ and CH₃ND₃PbI₃ single crystals suggests that vibrational modes in methylammonium (MA⁺) have little impact on carrier lifetime. In contrast, the fully deuterated compound CD₃ND₃PbI₃ reconfirmed the trend of decreasing carrier lifetime upon the increasing moment of inertia of cationic MA⁺. Polaron model elucidates the electron–rotor interaction