266 research outputs found
Kinetic Modeling and Simulation of Emulsion Grafting Copolymerization of Styrene and Acrylonitrile in the Presence of Polybutadiene Seed Latex Particles
A two-phase
kinetic model is proposed for the emulsion grafting
copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene
seed latex particles. The experimental results observed by conducting
the polymerizations at 50 °C are compared with those predicted
by the proposed kinetic model and confirm that the model is valid
for predicting the rate of this emulsion grafting copolymerization.
In the model predictions, thermodynamic equilibrium equations proposed
in our previous papers are used for calculating the monomer concentrations
in polyÂ(styrene-<i>co</i>-acrylonitrile) domains and continuous
polybutadiene matrix in acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene
terpolymer particles as emulsion grafting copolymerization proceeds.
In addition, it is shown that the model is also applicable to predict
grafting efficiency, copolymer composition of free and grafted chains
Power Estimation Using the Exemplary Dataset for Ordinal Data in the Presence of Nonproportional Odds
<div><p>Ordinal categorical data are extremely common in clinical trials where subjective outcomes are being measured. The most common analyses for ordinal categorical data are based on the proportional odds model. However, the assumption of proportional odds is an assumption of the model and not necessarily a property of the data. In many situations, clinical researchers may suspect that an effect on an ordinal scale will not satisfy the proportional odds assumption. In these situations, statisticians need to be able to investigate alternative models and estimate the power for these alternative models. We examine the trend odds model and the saturated model and compare these models to the proportional odds model under a wide class of alternative hypotheses. We also examine the exemplary dataset (ED) approach for power estimation for these models and determine how well this approach approximates the actual power. A recently developed ordinal scale for assessing nausea in the pediatric population illustrates the issues. The ED method was found to be accurate down to small sample sizes and the proportional odds test statistic was generally competitive even in the presence of nonproportional odds.</p></div
Organocatalytic Direct <i>N</i>‑Acylation of Amides with Aldehydes under Oxidative Conditions
The
direct oxidative <i>N</i>-acylation reaction of primary
amides with aryl/α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was achieved
in the presence of azolium salt <b>C3</b> and an inorganic base
using 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-<i>tert</i>-butyldiphenoquinone
as the oxidant, thus providing an efficient approach for the synthesis
of three types of imide compounds including <i>N</i>-sulfonylcarboxamides, <i>N</i>-sulfinylcarboxamides, and dicarboxyimides in good yield
Crossover-Annulation/Oxygenation Approach to Functionalized Phenanthridines by Palladium–Copper Relay Catalysis
A tandem
crossover-annulation and oxygenation process of conjugated enediyne-acids
and <i>ortho</i>-alkynylanilines was achieved by palladium–copper
relay catalysis under an oxygen atmosphere, giving access to the three-component
assembly of 9-acylphenanthridine compounds
Measurement results.
In this paper, we develop a DSGE model including heterogeneous households, introduce the financial friction of credit constraint mechanism, and study the impact of house price shocks on the consumption of heterogeneous household. Based on this, the CHFS data in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were used to test the marginal propensity to consume for housing wealth appreciation under different credit constraints. Results show that: Firstly, the financial accelerator mechanism plays an important role in the transmission of housing price shocks to household consumption. The looser the degree of credit constraints, the more obvious the rise in housing prices will be to the consumption expenditure of borrowing household. Secondly, the impact of housing wealth appreciation on household consumption under different credit constraints is heterogeneous. Among them, housing wealth appreciation has a significant positive impact on household consumption expenditure with multiple houses, credit cards, non-loan restrictions, while the marginal effect on the consumption expenditure of households with only one house, loan limited, and no credit cards decreases. Thirdly, for every 1% increase in the housing wealth appreciation, household consumption will increase significantly by 0.10–0.14%.</div
Values of the calibration parameters.
In this paper, we develop a DSGE model including heterogeneous households, introduce the financial friction of credit constraint mechanism, and study the impact of house price shocks on the consumption of heterogeneous household. Based on this, the CHFS data in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were used to test the marginal propensity to consume for housing wealth appreciation under different credit constraints. Results show that: Firstly, the financial accelerator mechanism plays an important role in the transmission of housing price shocks to household consumption. The looser the degree of credit constraints, the more obvious the rise in housing prices will be to the consumption expenditure of borrowing household. Secondly, the impact of housing wealth appreciation on household consumption under different credit constraints is heterogeneous. Among them, housing wealth appreciation has a significant positive impact on household consumption expenditure with multiple houses, credit cards, non-loan restrictions, while the marginal effect on the consumption expenditure of households with only one house, loan limited, and no credit cards decreases. Thirdly, for every 1% increase in the housing wealth appreciation, household consumption will increase significantly by 0.10–0.14%.</div
Measurement results.
In this paper, we develop a DSGE model including heterogeneous households, introduce the financial friction of credit constraint mechanism, and study the impact of house price shocks on the consumption of heterogeneous household. Based on this, the CHFS data in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were used to test the marginal propensity to consume for housing wealth appreciation under different credit constraints. Results show that: Firstly, the financial accelerator mechanism plays an important role in the transmission of housing price shocks to household consumption. The looser the degree of credit constraints, the more obvious the rise in housing prices will be to the consumption expenditure of borrowing household. Secondly, the impact of housing wealth appreciation on household consumption under different credit constraints is heterogeneous. Among them, housing wealth appreciation has a significant positive impact on household consumption expenditure with multiple houses, credit cards, non-loan restrictions, while the marginal effect on the consumption expenditure of households with only one house, loan limited, and no credit cards decreases. Thirdly, for every 1% increase in the housing wealth appreciation, household consumption will increase significantly by 0.10–0.14%.</div
Robustness test results.
In this paper, we develop a DSGE model including heterogeneous households, introduce the financial friction of credit constraint mechanism, and study the impact of house price shocks on the consumption of heterogeneous household. Based on this, the CHFS data in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were used to test the marginal propensity to consume for housing wealth appreciation under different credit constraints. Results show that: Firstly, the financial accelerator mechanism plays an important role in the transmission of housing price shocks to household consumption. The looser the degree of credit constraints, the more obvious the rise in housing prices will be to the consumption expenditure of borrowing household. Secondly, the impact of housing wealth appreciation on household consumption under different credit constraints is heterogeneous. Among them, housing wealth appreciation has a significant positive impact on household consumption expenditure with multiple houses, credit cards, non-loan restrictions, while the marginal effect on the consumption expenditure of households with only one house, loan limited, and no credit cards decreases. Thirdly, for every 1% increase in the housing wealth appreciation, household consumption will increase significantly by 0.10–0.14%.</div
Descriptive statistics.
In this paper, we develop a DSGE model including heterogeneous households, introduce the financial friction of credit constraint mechanism, and study the impact of house price shocks on the consumption of heterogeneous household. Based on this, the CHFS data in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were used to test the marginal propensity to consume for housing wealth appreciation under different credit constraints. Results show that: Firstly, the financial accelerator mechanism plays an important role in the transmission of housing price shocks to household consumption. The looser the degree of credit constraints, the more obvious the rise in housing prices will be to the consumption expenditure of borrowing household. Secondly, the impact of housing wealth appreciation on household consumption under different credit constraints is heterogeneous. Among them, housing wealth appreciation has a significant positive impact on household consumption expenditure with multiple houses, credit cards, non-loan restrictions, while the marginal effect on the consumption expenditure of households with only one house, loan limited, and no credit cards decreases. Thirdly, for every 1% increase in the housing wealth appreciation, household consumption will increase significantly by 0.10–0.14%.</div
Evolution trend of marginal effect of housing wealth appreciation on household consumption.
Evolution trend of marginal effect of housing wealth appreciation on household consumption.</p
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