2,146 research outputs found
Hidden Tree Structure is a Key to the Emergence of Scaling in the World Wide Web
Preferential attachment is the most popular explanation for the emergence of
scaling behavior in the World Wide Web, but this explanation has been
challenged by the global information hypothesis, the existence of linear
preference and the emergence of new big internet companies in the real world.
We notice that most websites have an obvious feature that their pages are
organized as a tree (namely hidden tree) and hence propose a new model that
introduces a hidden tree structure into the Erd\H{o}s-R\'e}yi model by adding a
new rule: when one node connects to another, it should also connect to all
nodes in the path between these two nodes in the hidden tree. The experimental
results show that the degree distribution of the generated graphs would obey
power law distributions and have variable high clustering coefficients and
variable small average lengths of shortest paths. The proposed model provides
an alternative explanation to the emergence of scaling in the World Wide Web
without the above-mentioned difficulties, and also explains the "preferential
attachment" phenomenon.Comment: 4 Pages, 7 Figure
3D Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations of Gravitational Instability in AGN Accretion Disks: Effects of Radiation Pressure
We perform 3D radiation hydrodynamic local shearing box simulations to study
the outcome of gravitational instability (GI) in optically thick Active
Galactic Nuclei (AGN) accretion disks. GI develops when the Toomre parameter QT
\leq 1, and may lead to turbulent heating that balances radiative cooling.
However, when radiative cooling is too efficient, the disk may undergo runaway
gravitational fragmentation. In the fully gas-pressure-dominated case, we
confirm the classical result that such a thermal balance holds when the
Shakura-Sunyaev viscosity parameter (alpha) due to the gravitationally-driven
turbulence is \sim 0.2, corresponding to dimensionless cooling times Omega
tcool \sim 5. As the fraction of support by radiation pressure increases, the
disk becomes more prone to fragmentation, with a reduced (increased) critical
value of alpha (omega tcool). The effect is already significant when the
radiation pressure exceeds 10% of the gas pressure, while fully
radiation-pressure-dominated disks fragment at Omega tcool <50 . The latter
translates to a maximum turbulence level alpha<0.02, comparable to that
generated by Magnetorotational Instability (MRI). Our results suggest that
gravitationally unstable (QT \sim 1) outer regions of AGN disks with
significant radiation pressure (likely for high/near- Eddington accretion
rates) should always fragment into stars, and perhaps black holes.Comment: 26 pages, 19 figures, ApJ in Pres
PCPL: Predicate-Correlation Perception Learning for Unbiased Scene Graph Generation
Today, scene graph generation(SGG) task is largely limited in realistic
scenarios, mainly due to the extremely long-tailed bias of predicate annotation
distribution. Thus, tackling the class imbalance trouble of SGG is critical and
challenging. In this paper, we first discover that when predicate labels have
strong correlation with each other, prevalent re-balancing strategies(e.g.,
re-sampling and re-weighting) will give rise to either over-fitting the tail
data(e.g., bench sitting on sidewalk rather than on), or still suffering the
adverse effect from the original uneven distribution(e.g., aggregating varied
parked on/standing on/sitting on into on). We argue the principal reason is
that re-balancing strategies are sensitive to the frequencies of predicates yet
blind to their relatedness, which may play a more important role to promote the
learning of predicate features. Therefore, we propose a novel
Predicate-Correlation Perception Learning(PCPL for short) scheme to adaptively
seek out appropriate loss weights by directly perceiving and utilizing the
correlation among predicate classes. Moreover, our PCPL framework is further
equipped with a graph encoder module to better extract context features.
Extensive experiments on the benchmark VG150 dataset show that the proposed
PCPL performs markedly better on tail classes while well-preserving the
performance on head ones, which significantly outperforms previous
state-of-the-art methods.Comment: To be appeared on ACMMM 202
Impact of sphingomyelin levels on coronary heart disease and left ventricular systolic function in humans
Sphingomyelin (SM) is an abundant phospholipid in cell membranes and in lipoproteins. In human plasma, SM is mainly found in atherogenic lipoproteins; therefore, higher levels of SM may promote atherogenesis. We investigated the relations between plasma SM levels and the presence of angiographic coronary heart disease (CHD) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. We studied 732 patients referred for coronary angiography. Median SM levels were higher among patients with CHD and in those with LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF<50%) than in patients without CHD or LV dysfunction. SM levels were significantly correlated with fibrinogen levels, diabetes, apoB, and triglyceride levels. On multivariate analyses, higher median SM levels were associated with a higher risk of CHD and lower LV ejection fraction. The pro-atherogenic property of plasma SM might be related to 1) CHD; 2) LV systolic dysfunction; and 3) metabolism of apoB-containing or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
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