1,816 research outputs found
Multi-Satellite Attitude Prediction program/Orbiting Solar Observatory-8 (MSAP/OSO-8) operating guide
The sun's lower corona and chromosphere and their interaction in the X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) spectral regions were investigated to better understand the transport of energy from the photosphere to the corona. The interaction between the solar electromagnetic and particle radiation and the earth's environment was studied and the background component of cosmic X-rays was discussed
A first-principles study of helium storage in oxides and at oxide--iron interfaces
Density-functional theory calculations based on conventional as well as
hybrid exchange-correlation functionals have been carried out to study the
properties of helium in various oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, Y2O3, YAP, YAG, YAM, MgO,
CaO, BaO, SrO) as well as at oxide-iron interfaces. Helium interstitials in
bulk oxides are shown to be energetically more favorable than substitutional
helium, yet helium binds to existing vacancies. The solubility of He in oxides
is systematically higher than in iron and scales with the free volume at the
interstitial site nearly independently of the chemical composition of the
oxide. In most oxides He migration is significantly slower and He--He binding
is much weaker than in iron. To quantify the solubility of helium at oxide-iron
interfaces two prototypical systems are considered (Fe|MgO, Fe|FeO|MgO). In
both cases the He solubility is markedly enhanced in the interface compared to
either of the bulk phases. The results of the calculations allow to construct a
schematic energy landscape for He interstitials in iron. The implications of
these results are discussed in the context of helium sequestration in oxide
dispersion strengthened steels, including the effects of interfaces and lattice
strain.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, 4 table
Low-velocity anisotropic Dirac fermions on the side surface of topological insulators
We report anisotropic Dirac-cone surface bands on a side-surface geometry of
the topological insulator BiSe revealed by first-principles
density-functional calculations. We find that the electron velocity in the
side-surface Dirac cone is anisotropically reduced from that in the
(111)-surface Dirac cone, and the velocity is not in parallel with the wave
vector {\bf k} except for {\bf k} in high-symmetry directions. The size of the
electron spin depends on the direction of {\bf k} due to anisotropic variation
of the noncollinearity of the electron state. Low-energy effective Hamiltonian
is proposed for side-surface Dirac fermions, and its implications are presented
including refractive transport phenomena occurring at the edges of tological
insulators where different surfaces meet.Comment: 4 pages, 2 columns, 4 figure
Optical properties of SiC nanotubes: A systematic study
The band structure and optical dielectric function of
single-walled zigzag
[(3,0),(4,0),(5,0),(6,0),(8,0),(9,0),(12,0),(16,0),(20,0),(24,0)], armchair
[(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(8,8),(12,12),(15,15)], and chiral
[(4,2),(6,2),(8,4),(10,4)] SiC-NTs as well as the single honeycomb SiC sheet
have been calculated within DFT with the LDA. It is found that all the SiC
nanotubes are semiconductors, except the ultrasmall (3,0) and (4,0) zigzag
tubes which are metallic. Furthermore, the band gap of the zigzag SiC-NTs which
is direct, may be reduced from that of the SiC sheet to zero by reducing the
diameter (), though the band gap for all the SiC nanotubes with a diameter
larger than ~20 \AA is almost independent of diameter. For the electric
field parallel to the tube axis (), the for
all the SiC-NTs with a moderate diameter (say, 8 \AA) in the
low-energy region (0~6 eV) consists of a single distinct peak at ~3 eV.
However, for the small diameter SiC nanotubes such as the (4,2),(4,4) SiC-NTs,
the spectrum does deviate markedly from this general behavior. In
the high-energy region (from 6 eV upwards), the for all the
SiC-NTs exhibit a broad peak centered at ~7 eV. For the electric field
perpendicular to the tube axis (), the spectrum of
all the SiC-NTs except the (4,4), (3,0) and (4,0) nanotubes, in the low energy
region also consists of a pronounced peak at around 3 eV whilst in the
high-energy region is roughly made up of a broad hump starting from 6 eV. The
magnitude of the peaks is in general about half of the magnitude of the
corresponding ones for
Activated O2 dissociation and formation of oxide islands on the Be(0001) surface: Another atomistic model for metal oxidation
By simulating the dissociation of O2 molecules on the Be(0001) surface using
the first-principles molecular dynamics approach, we propose a new atomistic
model for the surface oxidation of sp metals. In our model, only the
dissociation of the first oxygen molecule needs to overcome an energy barrier,
while the subsequent oxygen molecules dissociate barrierlessly around the
adsorption area. Consequently, oxide islands form on the metal surface, and
grow up in a lateral way. We also discover that the firstly dissociated oxygen
atoms are not so mobile on the Be(0001) surface, as on the Al(111) surface. Our
atomistic model enlarges the knowledge on metal surface oxidations by perfectly
explaining the initial stage during the surface oxidation of Be, and might be
applicable to some other sp metal surfaces.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Spectroscopy and 3D imaging of the Crab nebula
Spectroscopy of the Crab nebula along different slit directions reveals the 3
dimensional structure of the optical nebula. On the basis of the linear radial
expansion result first discovered by Trimble (1968), we make a 3D model of the
optical emission. Results from a limited number of slit directions suggest that
optical lines originate from a complicated array of wisps that are located in a
rather thin shell, pierced by a jet. The jet is certainly not prominent in
optical emission lines, but the direction of the piercing is consistent with
the direction of the X-ray and radio jet. The shell's effective radius is ~ 79
seconds of arc, its thickness about a third of the radius and it is moving out
with an average velocity 1160 km/s.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures, submitted to ApJ, 3D movie of the Crab nebula
available at http://www.fiz.uni-lj.si/~vidrih
Transferable Pair Potentials for CdS and ZnS Crystals
A set of interatomic pair potentials is developed for CdS and ZnS crystals.
We show that a simple energy function, which has been used to describe the
properties of CdSe [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 258 (2002)], can be parametrized to
accurately describe the lattice and elastic constants, and phonon dispersion
relations of bulk CdS and ZnS in the wurtzite and rocksalt crystal structures.
The predicted coexistence pressure of the wurtzite and rocksalt structures, as
well as the equation of state are in good agreement with experimental
observations. These new pair potentials enable the study of a wide range of
processes in bulk and nanocrystalline II-VI semiconductor materials
FACTORS INFLUENCING GRADUATE STUDENT PATERNAL INVOLVEMENT: AN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND SPILLOVER APPROACH
The present study seeks to test a new model of the work-home balance interaction based on the integration of two existing models in the literature, Spillover-Crossover Model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2013) and the Work-Home Resources (W-HR) Model developed by ten Brummelhuis and Bakker (2012). Additionally, the present study attempts to incorporate Conservation of Resources (COR; Hobfoll, 1988; 1989) and ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; 1992) to develop a broader understanding of the factors influencing paternal involvement with an under-researched population—graduate student fathers
2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research
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