SNEWPY: A Data Pipeline from Supernova Simulations to Neutrino Signals

International audienceCurrent neutrino detectors will observe hundreds to thousands of neutrinos from a Galactic supernovae, and future detectors will increase this yield by an order of magnitude or more. With such a data set comes the potential for a huge increase in our understanding of the explosions of massive stars, nuclear physics under extreme conditions, and the properties of the neutrino. However, there is currently a large gap between supernova simulations and the corresponding signals in neutrino detectors, which will make any comparison between theory and observation very difficult. SNEWPY is an open-source software package which bridges this gap. The SNEWPY code can interface with supernova simulation data to generate from the model either a time series of neutrino spectral fluences at Earth, or the total time-integrated spectral fluence. Data from several hundred simulations of core-collapse, thermonuclear, and pair-instability supernovae is included in the package. This output may then be used by an event generator such as sntools or an event rate calculator such as SNOwGLoBES. Additional routines in the SNEWPY package automate the processing of the generated data through the SNOwGLoBES software and collate its output into the observable channels of each detector. In this paper we describe the contents of the package, the physics behind SNEWPY, the organization of the code, and provide examples of how to make use of its capabilities

SNEWPY: A Data Pipeline from Supernova Simulations to Neutrino Signals

International audienceCurrent neutrino detectors will observe hundreds to thousands of neutrinos from a Galacticsupernova, and future detectors will increase this yield by an order of magnitude or more.With such neutrino data sets, the next Galactic supernova will significantly increase our un-derstanding of the explosions of massive stars, nuclear physics under extreme conditions, andthe fundamental properties of neutrinos. However, there is a gulf between supernova simu-lations and the corresponding signals in detectors, making comparisons between theory andobservation, as well as between different detectors, very difficult. SNEWPY offers a unifiedinterface for hundreds of supernova simulations, a large library of flux transformations on theway towards the detector, and an interface to SNOwGLoBES (Scholberg & SNOwGLoBESContributors, 2021), allowing users to easily calculate and compare expected event rates frommany supernova models in many different neutrino detectors