Using Experimental Evolution to Understand the Relationship between the Motile Strategies and Biosurfactant Production on a Nutrient Gradient, in Pseudomonas fluorescens.

The role of flagellar based motility is well established amongst strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The benefits and overall necessity of motility give a large selection pressure for bacteria to be motile, especially in the colonisation of the plant root rhizosphere. As flagellar based motility is so important to P. fluorescens, non-motile P. fluorescens have a great benefit in evolving towards motility. Here I investigate the strength of reviving flagellar regulation in previously non motile strains of P. fluorescens. I show that the evolved flagella mechanisms are far weaker than the wild-type system and thus the mutant bacteria rely on other motile secondary metabolites, particularly the biosurfactant viscosin. I also investigate the different swarming phenotypes P. fluorescens express when introduced to a varied nutrient environment. I find that when bacteria are in a stress free nutrient rich environment, a smooth swarming phenotype is favoured. When the bacteria are under stress and starved of nutrients, the spidery phenotype is preferred. I also introduce a new novel swarming phenotype I have nicknamed ‘sun-like’, which appears to be a combination of both smooth and spidery motility. I theorise these distinct phenotypes can be directly influenced by the amount of biosurfacant present, where smooth spreading require increased biosurfacants and spidery spreading require the least. Moreover, I believe the phenotypes are a response to colonisation versus exploration, where biosurfacant can aid colonisation but is a hindrance to exploration

Circular 57

This is the seventh publication of grain perform ance trials in the Tanana River Valley. The first, published 6 years ago, included the results of spring cereal-variety tests conducted at Fairbanks and Delta Junction during the 1978 and 1979 growing seasons. Beginning in 1980, the variety-test results were annual publications. The length and content of this report is much less than for previous years. This is the result of a cost-saving measure to help cope with a shrinking budget

Project Retrosight. Understanding the returns from cardiovascular and stroke research: Case Studies

Copyright @ 2011 RAND Europe. All rights reserved. The full text article is available via the link below.This project explores the impacts arising from cardiovascular and stroke research funded 15-20 years ago and attempts to draw out aspects of the research, researcher or environment that are associated with high or low impact. The project is a case study-based review of 29 cardiovascular and stroke research grants, funded in Australia, Canada and UK between 1989 and 1993. The case studies focused on the individual grants but considered the development of the investigators and ideas involved in the research projects from initiation to the present day. Grants were selected through a stratified random selection approach that aimed to include both high- and low-impact grants. The key messages are as follows: 1) The cases reveal that a large and diverse range of impacts arose from the 29 grants studied. 2) There are variations between the impacts derived from basic biomedical and clinical research. 3) There is no correlation between knowledge production and wider impacts 4) The majority of economic impacts identified come from a minority of projects. 5) We identified factors that appear to be associated with high and low impact. This report presents the key observations of the study and an overview of the methods involved. It has been written for funders of biomedical and health research and health services, health researchers, and policy makers in those fields. It will also be of interest to those involved in research and impact evaluation.This study was initiated with internal funding from RAND Europe and HERG, with continuing funding from the UK National Institute for Health Research, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The UK Stroke Association and the British Heart Foundation provided support in kind through access to their archives

A breakthrough curve analysis of unstable density-driven flow and transport in homogenous porous media

2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, USA, DC, 2000

A.E.S. Circular, No. 39

During 1979 and 1980, soil fertility research was conducted at two locations in the Delta Clearwater area. One of the test sites, Lee F ett’s Farm, was cleared in the mid-1950s and has been in production for about 25 years. The other test site is situated on a tract of newly cleared land owned by Dennis Green. The new lands site was cleared by the traditional berm-pile method during the winter of 1978-79. This method removes much of the moss layer, and in some cases, part o f the topsoil. Land cleared by this procedure is lower in natural fertility, but has the advantage of enabling the farmer to plant a crop the first summer after clearing. In this publication, progress reports are given for several research projects involving fertilizer use and rates of application.Introduction -- Weather Summary for the 1979 and 1980 Growing Season: Table 1: Climatic Data for Delta Junction During the 1979 and 1980 Growing Season -- Response of Barley to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Applications on New Land: Table 2: Response of Barley to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on New Land in the Delta-Clearwater Area of Alaska -- Variety-Fertilizer Interactions of Barley Grown on Newly Cleared Land: Table 3: Variety-Fertilizer Interactions of Barley Grown on New Land in the Delta-Clearwater Area of Alaska -- Response of Barley and Rapeseed to Sulfur Fertilization: Table 4: Response of Barley to Sulfur Fertilization When Grown Under Different Crop Rotations; Table 5: Response of Sulfur Fertilization When Grown Under Different Crop Rotation

Circular, No. 42

This is the third publication in this form at on grain performance trials in the Tanana River Valley. The first, published two years ago, included the results of spring cereal variety tests conducted at Fairbanks and Delta Junction during the 1978 and 1979 growing seasons. The second, published one year ago, contained the test results from the 1980 growing season. Included in this report are a weather summary, the 1981 variety-test results, and a plant-disease section. Previous work with grain variety testing has shown that individual varieties do not perform the same when grown under different conditions. The yield a variety produces can be influenced by crop rotation, soil pH, fertilizer rate, tillage practices, rainfall distribution and amount, seeding rate, planting date, and many other factors. Each variety has its own particular set of growing conditions under which it best performs. For example, in the very same field, a variety that performs well on summer-fallow land may do poorly when planted on stubble land.Introduction -- Standard Bushel Weights and Conversion from English to Metric Units -- Tanana Valley Weather Summary: Table 1: Climatic Data for Delta Junction During the 1981 Growing Season; Table 2: Climatic Data for Fairbanks During the 1981 Growing Season -- Barley Performance Trials: Table 3: Long-Term Average and Range of Yields for Barley Standard Varieties Grown at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1981; Table 4: Barley Variety Trials Conducted at Delta Junction and Fairbanks During the 1981 Growing Season; Variety Descriptions; Table 5: Barley Varieties Tested at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1981 -- Oats Performance Trials: Table 6: Long-Term Average and Range in Yields for Oat Standard Varieties Grown at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971 -1981; Table 7: Oat Variety Trials Conducted at Delta Junction and Fairbanks During the 1981 Growing Season; Variety Descriptions; Table 8: Oat Varieties Tested at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1981 -- Spring Wheat Performance Trials: Table 9: Long-Term Average and Range in Yields for Wheat Standard Varieties Grown at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971 -1981; Table 10: Wheat Variety Trials Conducted at Fairbanks and Delta Junction During the 1981 Growing Season; Variety Descriptions; Table 11: Wheat Varieties Tested at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1981 -- Plant Disease Survey: Table 12: Summary of Diseases Observed on Barley Varieties under Field Conditions in Delta-Clearwater Area; Table 1 3: Vitavax Seed Treatment and its Effect on the Yield of Barley Varieties -- Diseases Observed on Crops During the 1981 Growing Seaso

Circular 62

This is the eighth publication of grain performance trials in the Tanana River Valley. The first, published 7 years ago, included the results of spring cereal-variety tests conducted at Fairbanks and Delta Junction during the 1978 and 1979 growing seasons. Beginning in 1980, the variety-test results were annual publications. This report, like last year’s, is a shorter version than the first 6 publications of the series. It reflects continued budget constraints caused by Alaska’s sagging economy

Circular 52

This is the sixth publication in this format on grain performance trials in the Tanana River Valley. The first, published 5 years ago, included the results o f spring cereal-variety tests conducted at Fairbanks and Delta Junction during the 1978 and 1979 growing seasons. The variety-test results from the 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1983 growing seasons were annual publications. Included in this report are a weather summary, the 1984 variety-test results, and a plant-disease section.Introduction -- Standard Bushel Weights and Conversion from English to Metric Units -- Part I: Climatic Data for and Germplasm Evaluation: Tanana Valley Weather Summary: Table 1: Climatic Data for Delta Junction during the 1984 Growing Season, Table 2: Climatic Data for Fairbanks during the 1984 Growing Season; Barley Performance Trials: Table 3: Long-Term Average and Range of Yields for Barley Standard Varieties Grown at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1984, Table 4: Barley Variety Trials Conducted at Delta Junction and Fairbanks during the 1984 Growing Season, Variety Descriptions, Table 5: Barley Varieties Tested at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1984 -- Oat Performance Trials: Table 6 : Long-Term Average and Range in Yields for Oat Standard Varieties Grow n at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1984, Table 7: Oat Variety Trials Conducted at Delta Junction and Fairbanks during the 1984 Growing Season, Variety Descriptions, Table 8 : Oat Varieties Tested at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1984 -- Spring Wheat Performance Trials: Table 9: Long-Term Average and Range in Yields for Wheat Standard Varieties Grown at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1984, Table 10: W heat Variety Trials Conducted at Fairbanks and Delta Junction during the 1984 Growing Season -- Variety Descriptions: Table 11: W heat Varieties Tested at Fairbanks and Delta Junction, 1971-1984 -- Part II: Plant-Disease Evaluation: Barley Diseases: Table 12: Summary of Diseases Observed on Barley Varieties under Field Conditions in the Delta-Clearwater Area, Snow M old Disease Com plex on W inter W heat and Lawn G ra s s e s, Diseases on O ther C r o p, Diseases O bserved on Crops during the 1984 Growing Season and T heir S ym ptom

Project Retrosight. Understanding the returns from cardiovascular and stroke research: Methodology Report

Copyright @ 2011 RAND Europe. All rights reserved. The full text article is available via the link below.This project explores the impacts arising from cardiovascular and stroke research funded 15-20 years ago and attempts to draw out aspects of the research, researcher or environment that are associated with high or low impact. The project is a case study-based review of 29 cardiovascular and stroke research grants, funded in Australia, Canada and UK between 1989 and 1993. The case studies focused on the individual grants but considered the development of the investigators and ideas involved in the research projects from initiation to the present day. Grants were selected through a stratified random selection approach that aimed to include both high- and low-impact grants. The key messages are as follows: 1) The cases reveal that a large and diverse range of impacts arose from the 29 grants studied. 2) There are variations between the impacts derived from basic biomedical and clinical research. 3) There is no correlation between knowledge production and wider impacts 4) The majority of economic impacts identified come from a minority of projects. 5) We identified factors that appear to be associated with high and low impact. This report presents the key observations of the study and an overview of the methods involved. It has been written for funders of biomedical and health research and health services, health researchers, and policy makers in those fields. It will also be of interest to those involved in research and impact evaluation.This study was initiated with internal funding from RAND Europe and HERG, with continuing funding from the UK National Institute for Health Research, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The UK Stroke Association and the British Heart Foundation provided support in kind through access to their archives

Project Retrosight. Understanding the returns from cardiovascular and stroke research: Policy Report

Copyright @ 2011 RAND Europe. All rights reserved. The full text article and the summary of the article are both available via the links below.This project explores the impacts arising from cardiovascular and stroke research funded 15-20 years ago and attempts to draw out aspects of the research, researcher or environment that are associated with high or low impact. The project is a case study-based review of 29 cardiovascular and stroke research grants, funded in Australia, Canada and UK between 1989 and 1993. The case studies focused on the individual grants but considered the development of the investigators and ideas involved in the research projects from initiation to the present day. Grants were selected through a stratified random selection approach that aimed to include both high- and low-impact grants. The key messages are as follows: 1) The cases reveal that a large and diverse range of impacts arose from the 29 grants studied. 2) There are variations between the impacts derived from basic biomedical and clinical research. 3) There is no correlation between knowledge production and wider impacts 4) The majority of economic impacts identified come from a minority of projects. 5) We identified factors that appear to be associated with high and low impact. This report presents the key observations of the study and an overview of the methods involved. It has been written for funders of biomedical and health research and health services, health researchers, and policy makers in those fields. It will also be of interest to those involved in research and impact evaluation.This study was initiated with internal funding from RAND Europe and HERG, with continuing funding from the UK National Institute for Health Research, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The UK Stroke Association and the British Heart Foundation provided support in kind through access to their archives