High voltage systems (tube-type microwave)/low voltage system (solid-state microwave) power distribution

SPS satellite power distribution systems are described. The reference Satellite Power System (SPS) concept utilizes high-voltage klystrons to convert the onboard satellite power from dc to RF for transmission to the ground receiving station. The solar array generates this required high voltage and the power is delivered to the klystrons through a power distribution subsystem. An array switching of solar cell submodules is used to maintain bus voltage regulation. Individual klystron dc voltage conversion is performed by centralized converters. The on-board data processing system performs the necessary switching of submodules to maintain voltage regulation. Electrical power output from the solar panels is fed via switch gears into feeder buses and then into main distribution buses to the antenna. Power also is distributed to batteries so that critical functions can be provided through solar eclipses

Relationship of components of forensic service users' experience of recovery

Section A A literature review considering the role of interpersonal relationships in forensic service users’ accounts of recovery. A systematic literature search identified twenty studies with qualitative descriptions of forensic service user recovery experience. These are critiqued and synthesised using an integrative review process. Results are presented under four resulting categories: relationships with staff, relationships with service user peers, relationships with family and friends and relationships with the wider community. Findings suggest that interpersonal relationships play an important role in recovery for forensic service users and highlight the relevance of a relational model in service provision. Clinical and research implications are discussed. Section B A qualitative study using Grounded Theory methodology to construct an understanding of the psychological and relational processes found within a forensic service user reflective group. Interviews were conducted with both service user and staff facilitator attendees of a reflective group run on a medium secure forensic ward. Results formed a flexible, cyclical model based around four key categories: ‘Group Identity’, ‘Linking Self with Others’, ‘The Changing Self’ and ‘Living Visibly in a System’. Findings are presented as providing a solid rationale for the inclusion of service user reflective groups in forensic inpatient settings. Discussion of how this model contributes to and is complemented by existing theory is presented and clinical/research implications suggested

The Obsolescence of Advertising in the Information Age

The vast amount of product information available to consumers through online search renders most advertising obsolete as a tool for conveying product information. Advertising remains useful to firms only as a tool for persuading consumers to purchase advertised products. In the mid-twentieth century, courts applying the antitrust laws held that such persuasive advertising is anticompetitive and harmful to consumers, but the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was unable to pursue an antitrust campaign against persuasive advertising for fear of depriving consumers of advertising\u27s information value. Now that the information function of most advertising is obsolete, the FTC should renew its campaign against persuasive advertising by treating all advertising beyond the minimum required to ensure that product information is available to online searchers as monopolization in violation of section 2 of the Sherman Act

The Joint Forces Air Command Problem

The marriage of network-centric warfare and the joint forces air component commander concept represents a “military-technical revolution” in aero- space command and control.1 The current system is cumbersome, and it is falling behind in its ability to deal with the fast-paced warfare of today. By its nature, network-centric warfare (NCW) could address many of the shortfalls of the cur- rent joint air component system. It will not, however, change the fundamental nature of war, nor can it solve all of the current problems of the joint forces air component commander (JFACC)

Innovation and Reverse Payments

Settlements of patent litigation between branded and generic drug makers that include a promise by the generic maker to stay out of the market, sometimes in exchange for a ‘reverse’ payment, increase the profits of drug makers at the expense of consumers. Some commentators argue that drug makers will invest these profits in innovation, ultimately making consumers better off. Drug market data suggest, however, that the resulting gains to consumers may still be insufficient to offset consumer losses from delayed access to generics. Even when innovation is taken into account, antitrust can most efficiently eliminate the risk of consumer harm from delayed access to generics only by banning all settlements that fix a date of generic entry, including all reverse payment settlements. If antitrust seeks to maximize consumer welfare, rather than merely to eliminate the risk of consumer harm, then antitrust should instead intervene directly in settlement negotiations to defend the interests of consumers, because only intervention both preserves the innovation benefits of settlement while minimizing the opportunity of drug makers to settle for delayed generic entry. In no case, however, should antitrust challenge only settlements involving large reverse payments, as other commentators have suggested antitrust should do