Filozofowie i ludzie teatru

Recenzja książki: Freddie Rokem, Filozofowie i ludzie teatru. Myślenie jako przedstawienie, przeł. Mateusz Borowski i Małgorzata Sugiera, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2014

DGAT2 revealed by the immunogold technique in Arabidopsis thaliana lipid bodies associated with microtubules

The immunogold technique with anti-diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) antibody revealed inA. thaliana embryo and root meristematic cells gold particles manifesting the presence of DGAT2 in ER as wellas in lipid bodies. This being so, lipid synthesis could take place both in ER and in the lipid bodies. The presenceof microtubules around the lipid bodies was evidenced under transmission EM. Detection of tubulin around thelipid bodies using the immunogold technique with anti-a-tubulin is in agreement with the above observations.Connection of lipid bodies with microtubules was also detected by us in other plants where they probably participatedin lipid synthesis. A similar phenomenon may take place in A. thaliana.The immunogold technique with anti-diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) antibody revealed inA. thaliana embryo and root meristematic cells gold particles manifesting the presence of DGAT2 in ER as wellas in lipid bodies. This being so, lipid synthesis could take place both in ER and in the lipid bodies. The presenceof microtubules around the lipid bodies was evidenced under transmission EM. Detection of tubulin around thelipid bodies using the immunogold technique with anti-a-tubulin is in agreement with the above observations.Connection of lipid bodies with microtubules was also detected by us in other plants where they probably participatedin lipid synthesis. A similar phenomenon may take place in A. thaliana

Reconstructing prehistoric boats. A report on two experiments carried out during the first International Camp of Experimental. Archaeology, Toruń 2021

This article reports on two main archaeological experiments that were conducted during the first International Camp of Experimental Archaeology, which took place in August 2021 at Golub-Dobrzyń, close to Toruń, Poland. During the two weeks of this event, its participants, divided into two groups, carried out the reconstruction of two archaic boats: a dugout and a leather-covered boat known from ethnographic contexts mostly as the so-called skin-on-frame canoe. All work was carried out using exclusively techniques and tools known in the Stone and Bronze Ages. Also, this article presents a first discussion on the characteristics of use-wear traces created on the experimental tools

Lipotubuloids - Structure and Function

Rozdział 17 książki: Advances in Selected Plant Physiology Aspects Edited by Dr. Giuseppe MontanaroThis work was realized and financed by National Committee of Scientific Research, grant No. NN 303 35 9035

Filozofowie i ludzie teatru

Recenzja książki: Freddie Rokem, Filozofowie i ludzie teatru. Myślenie jako przedstawienie, przeł. Mateusz Borowski i Małgorzata Sugiera, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2014

The Role of Cutinsomes in Plant Cuticle Formation

© 2020 by the authorsThe cuticle commonly appears as a continuous lipophilic layer located at the outer epidermal cell walls of land plants. Cutin and waxes are its main components. Two methods for cutin synthesis are considered in plants. One that is based on enzymatic biosynthesis, in which cutin synthase (CUS) is involved, is well-known and commonly accepted. The other assumes the participation of specific nanostructures, cutinsomes, which are formed in physicochemical self-assembly processes from cutin precursors without enzyme involvement. Cutinsomes are formed in ground cytoplasm or, in some species, in specific cytoplasmic domains, lipotubuloid metabolons (LMs), and are most probably translocated via microtubules toward the cuticle-covered cell wall. Cutinsomes may additionally serve as platforms transporting cuticular enzymes. Presumably, cutinsomes enrich the cuticle in branched and cross-linked esterified polyhydroxy fatty acid oligomers, while CUS1 can provide both linear chains and branching cutin oligomers. These two systems of cuticle formation seem to co-operate on the surface of aboveground organs, as well as in the embryo and seed coat epidermis. This review focuses on the role that cutinsomes play in cuticle biosynthesis in S. lycopersicum, O. umbellatum and A. thaliana, which have been studied so far; however, these nanoparticles may be commonly involved in this process in different plants.Peer reviewe

Microtubule heterogeneity of <i>Ornithogalum umbellatum</i> ovary epidermal cells: non-stable cortical microtubules and stable lipotubuloid microtubules

Lipotubuloids, structures containing lipid bodies and microtubules, are described in ovary epidermal cells of <i>Ornithogalum umbellatum</i>. Microtubules of lipotubuloids can be fixed in electron microscope fixative containing only buffered OsO<sub>4</sub> or in glutaraldehyde with OsO<sub>4</sub> post-fixation, or in a mixture of OsO<sub>4</sub> and glutaraldehyde [1]. None of these substances fixes cortical microtubules of ovary epidermis of this plant which is characterized by dynamic longitudinal growth. However, cortical microtubules can be fixed with cold methanol according immunocytological methods with the use of <i>b</i>-tubulin antibodies and fluorescein. The existence of cortical microtubules has also been evidenced by EM observations solely after the use of taxol, microtubule stabilizer, and fixation in a glutaraldehyde/OsO<sub>4</sub> mixture. These microtubules mostly lie transversely, sometimes obliquely, and rarely parallel to the cell axis. Staining, using Ruthenium Red and silver hexamine, has revealed that lipotubuloid microtubules surface is covered with polysaccharides. The presumption has been made that the presence of a polysaccharide layer enhances the stability of lipotubuloid microtubules. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011, Vol. 49, No. 2, 285–290

DGAT2 revealed by the immunogold technique in Arabidopsis thaliana lipid bodies associated with microtubules

The immunogold technique with anti-diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) antibody revealed in<br />A. thaliana embryo and root meristematic cells gold particles manifesting the presence of DGAT2 in ER as well<br />as in lipid bodies. This being so, lipid synthesis could take place both in ER and in the lipid bodies. The presence<br />of microtubules around the lipid bodies was evidenced under transmission EM. Detection of tubulin around the<br />lipid bodies using the immunogold technique with anti-a-tubulin is in agreement with the above observations.<br />Connection of lipid bodies with microtubules was also detected by us in other plants where they probably participated<br />in lipid synthesis. A similar phenomenon may take place in A. thaliana.The immunogold technique with anti-diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) antibody revealed in<br />A. thaliana embryo and root meristematic cells gold particles manifesting the presence of DGAT2 in ER as well<br />as in lipid bodies. This being so, lipid synthesis could take place both in ER and in the lipid bodies. The presence<br />of microtubules around the lipid bodies was evidenced under transmission EM. Detection of tubulin around the<br />lipid bodies using the immunogold technique with anti-a-tubulin is in agreement with the above observations.<br />Connection of lipid bodies with microtubules was also detected by us in other plants where they probably participated<br />in lipid synthesis. A similar phenomenon may take place in A. thaliana

Microtubule heterogeneity of Ornithogalum umbellatum ovary epidermal cells: non-stable cortical microtubules and stable lipotubuloid microtubules

Lipotubuloids, structures containing lipid bodies and microtubules, are described in ovary epidermalcells of Ornithogalum umbellatum. Microtubules of lipotubuloids can be fixed in electron microscope fixativecontaining only buffered OsO4 or in glutaraldehyde with OsO4 post-fixation, or in a mixture of OsO4 and glutaraldehyde[1]. None of these substances fixes cortical microtubules of ovary epidermis of this plant which ischaracterized by dynamic longitudinal growth. However, cortical microtubules can be fixed with cold methanolaccording immunocytological methods with the use of b-tubulin antibodies and fluorescein. The existence ofcortical microtubules has also been evidenced by EM observations solely after the use of taxol, microtubulestabilizer, and fixation in a glutaraldehyde/OsO4 mixture. These microtubules mostly lie transversely, sometimesobliquely, and rarely parallel to the cell axis. Staining, using Ruthenium Red and silver hexamine, has revealedthat lipotubuloid microtubules surface is covered with polysaccharides. The presumption has been made thatthe presence of a polysaccharide layer enhances the stability of lipotubuloid microtubules

Research on the Electron Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Mandelic Acid and Its Alkali Metal Salts

This article investigated the structure, and the spectroscopic and antimicrobial properties of mandelic acid and its alkali metal salts. The electron charge distribution and aromaticity in the analyzed molecules were investigated using molecular spectroscopy methods (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR) and theoretical calculations (structure, NBO, HOMO, LUMO, energy descriptors, and theoretical IR and NMR spectra). The B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method was used in the calculations. The antimicrobial activities of mandelic acid and its salt were tested against six bacteria: Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Loigolactobacillus backii KKP 3566; Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, as well as two yeast species, Rhodotorulla mucilaginosa KKP 3560 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231