Apoikia in the Black Sea: The History of Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios in the Archaic and Classical Periods

This study examines the influence of local and dominant Network Systems on the socio- economic development of the southern Black Sea colonies: Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios during the Archaic and Classical Period. I argue that archeological and literary evidence indicate that local (populations such as the Mariandynoi, Syrians, Caucones, Paphlagonians, and Tibarenians) and dominant external (including: Miletus, Megara/Boeotia, Athens, and Persia) socio-economic Network systems developed and shaped these three colonies, and helped explain their role in the overarching Black Sea Network. This study is divided into three chapters. Chapter one starts with the history and historiography of Greek colonization. This leads into an explanation of early Black Sea colonization and a brief history of Heraclea, Sinope, and Tios from their foundation in the Archaic period until their transition into the Roman provincial system. It then explains Network Theory and Middle Ground and how they will be utilized in chapters two and three. The second chapter uses a middle ground approach to analyze local networks and their influence on the socio-economic development of the three colonies. The second chapter primarily utilizes material evidence and literary sources such as Strabo and Xenophon to draw these conclusions. The third chapter examines the effect that the dominant network systems during these periods have on the colonies\u27 socio-economic development. This chapter primarily focuses on the Black Sea, Athens, and Persia\u27s networks and their interactions with the colonies. Ultimately, this project furthers the current understanding of Heraclea, Sinope, Tios and the Black Sea\u27s economic development as a whole

Novel and Cost-efficient Sensors for the Concentration Measurement of Ammonia and Ammonium Nitrate Particles

In the presence of high concentrations of ammonia and nitric acid gas, the formation of ammonium nitrate particles (NH4NO3) is well established at low temperatures. As a result, high concentrations of ammonium nitrate particles are usually observed during the spring and winter period. Due to its semi-volatile nature, the measurement of ammonium nitrate with classical methods based on filter sampling (sampling time ³ 24 h) introduce severe artifacts. Thus, the main objective of this study is to develop new low-cost sensors able to measure simultaneously and selectively the concentration of ammonium nitrate particles and its gaseous precursor ammonia. Sensors combine two surfaces which are sensitive to ammonia and based on polyaniline nano-composites materials. The mass concentration of ammonium nitrate is determined by measuring the concentration of the ammonia released by heating one of the sensitive surfaces. Sensors show a response to gaseous ammonia at concentrations less than 20 ppb with sensitivity around 0.3 %.ppb-1, and the limit of detection of sensors to ammonium nitrate particles is around 270 µg.m-3 with a sensitivity of 0.0014 %.µg- 1.m3

In the Wyspianski spectrum. Stained-glass in the poetry of Young Poland – between a graphic allusion and a synthesis of aesthetic pursuits of the period

Wydział Filologii Polskiej i KlasycznejW rozprawie doktorskiej omówiono twórcze przekształcenia tematu witrażu w poezji Młodej Polski. Lektura młodopolskich tomów lirycznych, umożliwiła odkrycie nieprzebadanego dotąd zjawiska. Witraż okazał się ważnym „obrazowym tematem”, czyli takim powtarzalnym elementem imaginacji zbiorowej, w którym jednocześnie manifestuje się indywidualność autora. Witraż ulubiony już przez romantyków architektoniczny detal świątyni, użyty i sfunkcjonalizowany jako obraz poetycki, niczym pryzmat ogniskuje w sobie rozmaite znaczenia, stając się też niekiedy metaforą samej poezji. W rozprawie zaakcentowano szczególną rolę listów Stanisława Wyspiańskiego do Lucjana Rydla z 1890 roku. Mają one walor tematologicznego przewodnika po młodopolskich witrażach poetyckich. Wyspiański podejmuje większość tematów kluczowych dla analizowanych w rozprawie utworów (np. Kazimiery Zawistowskiej, Kazimierza Lubeckiego, Jana Pietrzyckiego, Czesława Cieplińskiego, Wiktora Dzierżanowskiego, Adama Racława Dobrowolskiego). Wśród najciekawszych realizacji tematu wyróżniono takie wariacje obrazowe, jak np.: witraż–oko, witraż-kwiat, witraż-łza, witraż-gobelin, witraż-figuralny. Wyodrębniono ponadto grupę utworów odnoszących się do konkretnych witraży, w tym do projektów i witraży Stanisława Wyspiańskiego. Uwzględniono także wiersze, które explicite nie zawierają odniesień do witraży, ale przywołują je aluzyjnie. Na podstawie zgromadzonych materiałów i przeprowadzonych interpretacji zakreślono znaczenia pojęcia witrażowości.The dissertation treats the issue of creative transformations of stained-glass as a theme in the poetry of Young Poland. Reading lyrical volumes of Young Poland resulted in discovering a phenomenon unexamined so far. Stained-glass proved to be as an important “graphic theme”, that is, a repetitive element of collective imagination in which an author’s individuality is manifested at the same time. Stained-glass, an architectural detail of a temple favoured by romanticists, used and functionalized as a poetic image, focalizes various meanings like a prism, sometimes becoming a metaphor of poetry itself. The dissertation stresses a special role of Stanislaw Wyspiański’s letters to Lucjan Rydel of 1890. They serve as a thematological guide to the poetic stained-glass of Young Poland. Wyspiański discusses a great majority of the topics crucial for the poetic works analysed in the dissertation (e.g. lyrics created by Kazimiera Zawistowska, Kazimierz Lubecki, Jan Pietrzycki, Czesław Ciepliński, Wiktor Dzierżanowski, Adam Racław Dobrowolski). Imaging variations such as e.g. stained-glass-eye, stained-glass-flower, stained-glass-tear, stained-glass-tapestry/stained-glass-fabric, figurative stained-glass were distinguished among the most interesting realizations of the theme. Moreover, a group of poetic works referring to specific stained-glass, including projects and stained-glass by Stanisław Wyspiański, was selected. Also, the dissertation presents a choice of poems which do not contain explicit references to stained-glass, but allude to them. On the grounds of the selected materials and their interpretation, a concept of stained-glass in poetry was delineated.Rozprawa doktorska powstała w ramach realizacji projektu badawczego Witraż w poezji Młodej Polski – między obrazową aluzją a syntezą dążeń estetycznych epoki, finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki przyznanych na podstawie decyzji numer DEC-2013/11/N/HS2/03285

In the Wyspianski spectrum. Stained-glass in the poetry of Young Poland – between a graphic allusion and a synthesis of aesthetic pursuits of the period

Wydział Filologii Polskiej i KlasycznejW rozprawie doktorskiej omówiono twórcze przekształcenia tematu witrażu w poezji Młodej Polski. Lektura młodopolskich tomów lirycznych, umożliwiła odkrycie nieprzebadanego dotąd zjawiska. Witraż okazał się ważnym „obrazowym tematem”, czyli takim powtarzalnym elementem imaginacji zbiorowej, w którym jednocześnie manifestuje się indywidualność autora. Witraż ulubiony już przez romantyków architektoniczny detal świątyni, użyty i sfunkcjonalizowany jako obraz poetycki, niczym pryzmat ogniskuje w sobie rozmaite znaczenia, stając się też niekiedy metaforą samej poezji. W rozprawie zaakcentowano szczególną rolę listów Stanisława Wyspiańskiego do Lucjana Rydla z 1890 roku. Mają one walor tematologicznego przewodnika po młodopolskich witrażach poetyckich. Wyspiański podejmuje większość tematów kluczowych dla analizowanych w rozprawie utworów (np. Kazimiery Zawistowskiej, Kazimierza Lubeckiego, Jana Pietrzyckiego, Czesława Cieplińskiego, Wiktora Dzierżanowskiego, Adama Racława Dobrowolskiego). Wśród najciekawszych realizacji tematu wyróżniono takie wariacje obrazowe, jak np.: witraż–oko, witraż-kwiat, witraż-łza, witraż-gobelin, witraż-figuralny. Wyodrębniono ponadto grupę utworów odnoszących się do konkretnych witraży, w tym do projektów i witraży Stanisława Wyspiańskiego. Uwzględniono także wiersze, które explicite nie zawierają odniesień do witraży, ale przywołują je aluzyjnie. Na podstawie zgromadzonych materiałów i przeprowadzonych interpretacji zakreślono znaczenia pojęcia witrażowości.The dissertation treats the issue of creative transformations of stained-glass as a theme in the poetry of Young Poland. Reading lyrical volumes of Young Poland resulted in discovering a phenomenon unexamined so far. Stained-glass proved to be as an important “graphic theme”, that is, a repetitive element of collective imagination in which an author’s individuality is manifested at the same time. Stained-glass, an architectural detail of a temple favoured by romanticists, used and functionalized as a poetic image, focalizes various meanings like a prism, sometimes becoming a metaphor of poetry itself. The dissertation stresses a special role of Stanislaw Wyspiański’s letters to Lucjan Rydel of 1890. They serve as a thematological guide to the poetic stained-glass of Young Poland. Wyspiański discusses a great majority of the topics crucial for the poetic works analysed in the dissertation (e.g. lyrics created by Kazimiera Zawistowska, Kazimierz Lubecki, Jan Pietrzycki, Czesław Ciepliński, Wiktor Dzierżanowski, Adam Racław Dobrowolski). Imaging variations such as e.g. stained-glass-eye, stained-glass-flower, stained-glass-tear, stained-glass-tapestry/stained-glass-fabric, figurative stained-glass were distinguished among the most interesting realizations of the theme. Moreover, a group of poetic works referring to specific stained-glass, including projects and stained-glass by Stanisław Wyspiański, was selected. Also, the dissertation presents a choice of poems which do not contain explicit references to stained-glass, but allude to them. On the grounds of the selected materials and their interpretation, a concept of stained-glass in poetry was delineated.Rozprawa doktorska powstała w ramach realizacji projektu badawczego Witraż w poezji Młodej Polski – między obrazową aluzją a syntezą dążeń estetycznych epoki, finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki przyznanych na podstawie decyzji numer DEC-2013/11/N/HS2/03285

Effets de prelocalisation et de localisation dans InP de type n

SIGLET 55004 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Trunks of multi-stem black poplars may have different genotypes – evidence from the Oder valley in Poland

The black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is an ecologically and economically important tree species, characteristic for floodplain forests in Europe. It is now considered to be endangered in many European countries due to the loss of its natural habitat caused by the development of river engineering and intensive land use management of riverside areas. Multi-stem specimens can be found occasionally in natural black poplar populations. The percentage of such individuals is low, although in some stands it may be over a doz- en percent. The origin of multi-stem trees may be different. As a consequence, trunks being part of such a tree can have the same or different genotypes. The study aimed to find out whether all trunks of multi-stem black poplars are ramets of the same genet or if their genotypes are different, in which case they increase the gene pool of the population. We used 13 microsatellite nuclear markers to analyze the genotypes of 83 trunks belonging to 34 multi-stem black poplar trees from five natural populations from the Oder river valley in Poland. We also performed the sibship analysis of all trunks. The results showed that the trunks being part of the particular individual had distinct genotypes in five trees (14.7%). This indicates that they were formed as a result of the fusion of two genetically different individuals. The sibship analysis revealed that one multi-stem tree was represented by full-sibs. In the remaining four trees the fused trunks were not related. Nevertheless, we found three pairs of half-sibs between different trees that were distant from each other. The majority of the multi-stem trees we examined developed most probably due to the damage to the apical meristem of the main shoot of a single-stem tree. Nevertheless, some of them were indeed formed from two distinct individuals. Therefore, if a particular population consists of a small number of individuals, we recommend to study the genotypic homogeneity of each multi-stem tree

Current approaches and perspectives in population genetics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most ecologically and economically important forest-forming tree species in the Northern Hemisphere. Because of value, numerous genetic studies have been conducted since the 19th century to develop or improve the breeding and conservation programs of the species. Current studies are motivated by growing concerns about the survival and productivity of Scots pine populations, especially in the face of long-term environmental change predictions. In this article, we review major questions in the population genetics of Scots pine and show how previous studies advance current research approaches. We refer to major outcomes of the research describing the genetic variation and postglacial history of Scots pine compared with those of other cold-tolerant tree species such as Norway spruce (Picea abies) and silver birch (Betula pendula). We present results from studies of quantitative trait variation and local adaptation across the Scots pine distribution. We focus on the main research directions in dissection of the genetic basis of adaptive traits and the search for signatures of selection using quantitative trait locus mapping, candidate genes, association genetics, and genome scanning approaches. Finally, we highlight novel approaches in molecular breeding and point out new research prospects in genomic studies of Scots pine and other forest tree species in the face of rapid developments in next-generation sequencing and genotyping methods

<italic>X</italic>-Band Microwave Absorbing Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites Containing Magnetized PANI-Coated Magnetite

International audienc

.

International audienc

Dataset associated with the submitted manuscript Wachowiak W, Wόjkiewicz B, Cavers S, Lewandowski A. High genetic similarity between Polish and North European Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations at nuclear gene loci. Tree Genetics & Genomes.

Dataset associated with the submitted manuscript Wachowiak W, Wόjkiewicz B, Cavers S, Lewandowski A. High genetic similarity between Polish and North European Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations at nuclear gene loci. Tree Genetics & Genomes. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/50521